budynek

Polish

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budynek

Alternative forms

budunk, budunek, budenk (Middle Polish)

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German *būding.^[1]^[2] Less likely, from budować +‎ -unek with an unclear shift of -unek -> -ynek, perhaps either modelled on pojedynek and spoczynek,^[3] or from dialectal influence.^[2] First attested in 1600.^[4] Compare Kashubian bùdink, Silesian budōnek, and Slovincian bùdynk.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /buˈdɘ.nɛk/

(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /buˈdɨ.nɛk/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes: -ɘnɛk
Syllabification: bu‧dy‧nek

Noun

budynek m inan (diminutive budyneczek, related adjective budynkowy)

building (closed structure with walls and a roof)
Synonyms: budowla, gmach
(obsolete) manner of building; method of construction
(obsolete) construction (anything that has been constructed)
Synonym: budowla
(Middle Polish) building (act of building)

Declension

Declension of budynek

	singular	plural
nominative	budynek	budynki
genitive	budynku	budynków
dative	budynkowi	budynkom
accusative	budynek	budynki
instrumental	budynkiem	budynkami
locative	budynku	budynkach
vocative	budynku	budynki

Derived terms

nouns

budynek zbiorowego zamieszkania

Related terms

nouns

verbs

budować impf

Descendants

→ Belarusian: буды́нак (budýnak)
→ Ukrainian: буди́нок (budýnok)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), budynek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 39 times in news, 26 times in essays, 10 times in fiction, and 0 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 83 times, making it the 766th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[5]

References

^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “budynek”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “budynek”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
^ Mańczak, Witold (2017) “budynek”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “budynek”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “budynek”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 27