canalis

See also: Canalis

Latin

Etymology

For *cannālis, from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kaˈnaː.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kaˈnaː.lis]

Noun

canālis m (genitive canālis); third declension

1. a pipe, spout, channel, conduit
   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 3.327–330:

     Inde, ubi quarta sitim caeli collegerit hora,
     Et cantu quaerulae rumpent arbusta cicadae,
     Ad puteos aut alta greges ad stagna jubebo
     currentem ilignis potare canalibus undam;
     […]

     • Translation by James B. Greenough, 1900

       When heaven's fourth hour draws on the thickening drought,
       And shrill cicalas pierce the brake with song,
       Then at the well-springs bid them, or deep pools,
       From troughs of holm-oak quaff the running wave:
       […]

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.265:

     mellaque harundineis inferre canalibus

     […] and give them honey through reed pipes

2. a gutter, ditch
3. a groove, channel, canal, conduit, duct

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī).

	singular	plural
nominative	canālis	canālēs
genitive	canālis	canālium
dative	canālī	canālibus
accusative	canālem	canālēs canālīs
ablative	canālī	canālibus
vocative	canālis	canālēs

Derived terms

• canālicius
• canālicula
• canāliculus
• canāliēnsis

Related terms

• canāliculātus
• canna
• cannamella
• cannētum
• canneus
• cannula

Descendants

• Italo-Dalmatian
  • Dalmatian: canul
  • Italian: canale (see there for further descendants)
  • Sicilian: canali
• Old French: chenel (see there for further descendants)
  • French: chenal, cheneau
  • Norman: canel
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: canal
• Rhaeto-Romance
  • Romansch: chanal, chanel, canal
• Venetan: canal
• West Iberian
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: canal
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cãal
    • Galician: canle, cal, cale
    • Portuguese: cale, cal, canle
  • Old Spanish: canal
    • Spanish: canal
      • → Tagalog: kanal
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *canālia
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cãalla
    • Portuguese: calha

Borrowings

• → Czech: kanál
• → Danish: kanal
• → Dutch Low Saxon: knoal
• → Greek: κανάλι (kanáli)
• → Latvian: kanāls
• → Lithuanian: kanalas
• → Macedonian: канал (kanal)
• → Norwegian: kanal
• → Old French: canel (see there for further descendants)
  • French: canal
  • Norman: canal
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: canal
  • Galician: canal
  • Portuguese: canal
• → Pennsylvania German: Kanaal
• → Polish: kanał
• → Russian: канал (kanal)
• → Serbo-Croatian: канал / kanal
• → Swedish: kanal
  • → Finnish: kanaali
• → Ukrainian: канал (kanal)
• → Turkish: kanal
• → Proto-Brythonic: *kanọl
  • Middle Welsh: kanawl
    • Welsh: canol

References

• “canalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “canalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "canalis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “canalis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “canalis”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[1]
• “canalis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “canalis”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929), Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
• canalis in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “canalis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN