captivus

Latin

Etymology

From captus (“to capture”) +‎ -īvus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kapˈtiː.wʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kapˈtiː.vus]

Noun

captīvus m (genitive captīvī, feminine captīva); second declension

1. a captive, a prisoner

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	captīvus	captīvī
genitive	captīvī	captīvōrum
dative	captīvō	captīvīs
accusative	captīvum	captīvōs
ablative	captīvō	captīvīs
vocative	captīve	captīvī

Adjective

captīvus (feminine captīva, neuter captīvum); first/second-declension adjective

1. captive
2. captured; imprisoned
3. of or pertaining to captive men, prisoners
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.14:

     […] : mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.

     […] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	captīvus	captīva	captīvum		captīvī	captīvae	captīva
genitive	captīvī	captīvae	captīvī		captīvōrum	captīvārum	captīvōrum
dative	captīvō	captīvae	captīvō		captīvīs
accusative	captīvum	captīvam	captīvum		captīvōs	captīvās	captīva
ablative	captīvō	captīvā	captīvō		captīvīs
vocative	captīve	captīva	captīvum		captīvī	captīvae	captīva

Derived terms

• captīva
• captīvitas
• captīvō

Descendants

• Asturian: cativu
• English: captive, caitiff
• French: captif, chétif
• Padanian:
  • Emilian:
  • Friulian: cjâtif
  • Ligurian:
  • Piedmontese: cativ
  • Romansch:
  • Romagnol: cativ
• Italian: cattivo
• Old French: caitif, chaitif
• Old Occitan: caitiu
  • Catalan: captiu
• Old Galician-Portuguese: cativo
  • Galician: cativo
  • Portuguese: cativo
    • Papiamentu: katibu
    • Sranan Tongo: katibo
      • Aukan: katibo
      • Saramaccan: katibo
• Romanian: captiv
• Sicilian: cattivu
• Spanish: cativo, captivo, cautivo
• Venetan: cativo

References

• “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “captivus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "captivus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “captivus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to exchange prisoners: captivos permutare, commutare
    
  • to ransom prisoners: captivos redimere (Off. 2. 18)
    
  • to restore prisoners without ransom: captivos sine pretio reddere