challenger
See also: Challenger
English
Etymology
From Middle English chalenger; equivalent to challenge + -er.
Noun
challenger (plural challengers)
- One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.
- The champion hopes to defeat his new challenger in the game to remain undefeated.
- One child stood as king of the hill, and tried to withstand the pushes and shoves of his challengers.
Synonyms
Translations
one who challenges
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French
Verb
challenger
- to challenge
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written challenge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of challenger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | challenger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | challengeant /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | challengé /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challenges /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challengeons /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
challengez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/ |
challengent /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
imperfect | challengeais /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
challengeais /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
challengeait /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
challengions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
challengiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒje/ |
challengeaient /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
past historic2 | challengeai /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/ |
challengeas /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/ |
challengea /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/ |
challengeâmes /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒam/ |
challengeâtes /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒat/ |
challengèrent /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
future | challengerai /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
challengeras /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
challengera /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
challengerons /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
challengerez /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
challengeront /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | challengerais /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
challengerais /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
challengerait /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
challengerions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
challengeriez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
challengeraient /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challenges /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
challengions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
challengiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒje/ |
challengent /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
imperfect2 | challengeasse /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/ |
challengeasses /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/ |
challengeât /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/ |
challengeassions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
challengeassiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
challengeassent /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/ |
— | challengeons /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
challengez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “challenger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.