cwpkʾn'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From čwp (čōb) + -k' (-ag) + -ʾn' (-ān).

Noun

cwpkʾn' • (čōbagān, čawlagān?, čawgān?)

1. polo-stick
2. polo

Descendants

• Persian: چوگان (čowgân), چولگان (čowlagân), چویگان (čuygân)
  • Tajik: чавгон (čavgon)
    • → Uzbek: chavgon
  • → Azeri: çovqan
  • → French: chaugan, chawgan
  • → Georgian: ჩოგანი (čogani), ჭაკუნი (č̣aḳuni)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: चौगान (caugān)

    Urdu: چوگان (caugān)

  • → Middle Armenian: ճոկան (čokan)
    • Armenian: ճոկան (čokan)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: چوگان (çevgân), չէվկեան (çevgân)
    • Turkish: çevgan, çevgen
    • → Romanian: cioian
• → Arabic: صَوْلَجَان (ṣawlajān), جَوْكَان (jawkān), جَوْكَلَان (jawkalān)
• → Aramaic:
  • Classical Syriac: ܐܫܛܘܠܓܢܐ (ʾāšṭōlgānāʾ)
• → Byzantine Greek: τζυκάνιον (tzukánion)

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “*čaw(la)gān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 22
• Horn, Paul (1893) “čōgān”, in Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 449, page 100
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ճոկան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 210ab
• علی صیادانی، وام‌واژه‌های فارسی دیوان ابن هانی؛ شاعر شیعه اندلس, پژوهش‌های زبان‌شناسی تطبیقی، ص ۱۵۵