esgyn

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh eskyn, from Proto-Brythonic *eskɨnnɨd (whence Cornish ascen), from Latin ascendō.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɛsɡɨ̞n/, [ˈɛskɨ̞n]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈɛsɡɪn/, [ˈɛskɪn]

Verb

esgyn (first-person singular present esgynnaf)

1. to ascend

   Antonym: disgyn

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	esgynnaf	esgynni	esgyn	esgynnwn	esgynnwch	esgynnant	esgynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	esgynnwn	esgynnit	esgynnai	esgynnem	esgynnech	esgynnent	esgynnid
preterite	esgynnais	esgynnaist	esgynnodd	esgynasom	esgynasoch	esgynasant	esgynnwyd
pluperfect	esgynaswn	esgynasit	esgynasai	esgynasem	esgynasech	esgynasent	esgynasid, esgynesid
present subjunctive	esgynnwyf	esgynnych	esgynno	esgynnom	esgynnoch	esgynnont	esgynner
imperative	—	esgynna	esgynned	esgynnwn	esgynnwch	esgynnent	esgynner
verbal noun	esgyn
verbal adjectives	esgynedig esgynadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	esgynna i, esgynnaf i	esgynni di	esgynnith o/e/hi, esgynniff e/hi	esgynnwn ni	esgynnwch chi	esgynnan nhw
conditional	esgynnwn i, esgynswn i	esgynnet ti, esgynset ti	esgynnai fo/fe/hi, esgynsai fo/fe/hi	esgynnen ni, esgynsen ni	esgynnech chi, esgynsech chi	esgynnen nhw, esgynsen nhw
preterite	esgynnais i, esgynnes i	esgynnaist ti, esgynnest ti	esgynnodd o/e/hi	esgynnon ni	esgynnoch chi	esgynnon nhw
imperative	—	esgynna	—	—	esgynnwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of esgyn

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
esgyn	unchanged	unchanged	hesgyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “esgyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies