esmayer

Middle French

Etymology

Old French esmaier.

Verb

esmayer

1. (transitive) to scare; to worry; to trouble

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of esmayer

infinitive	simple	esmayer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	esmayant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		esmayé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	esmaye	esmayes	esmaye	esmayons	esmayez	esmayent
	imperfect	esmayois, esmayoys	esmayois, esmayoys	esmayoit, esmayoyt	esmayions, esmayyons	esmayiez, esmayyez	esmayoient, esmayoyent
	past historic	esmaya	esmayas	esmaya	esmayasmes	esmayastes	esmayerent
	future	esmayerai, esmayeray	esmayeras	esmayera	esmayerons	esmayerez	esmayeront
	conditional	esmayerois, esmayeroys	esmayerois, esmayeroys	esmayeroit, esmayeroyt	esmayerions, esmayeryons	esmayeriez, esmayeryez	esmayeroient, esmayeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	esmaye	esmayes	esmaye	esmayons	esmayez	esmayent
	imperfect	esmayasse	esmayasses	esmayast	esmayassions	esmayassiez	esmayassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	esmaye	—	esmayons	esmayez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

References

• esmayer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (esmaier)