estrangler
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Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French estrangler, from Classical Latin strangulō, strangulāre.
Verb
[edit]estrangler
- to strangle (to squeeze the throat of someone)
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estrangler
infinitive | simple | estrangler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | estranglant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | estranglé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estrangle | estrangles | estrangle | estranglons | estranglez | estranglent |
imperfect | estranglois, estrangloys | estranglois, estrangloys | estrangloit, estrangloyt | estranglions, estranglyons | estrangliez, estranglyez | estrangloient, estrangloyent | |
past historic | estrangla | estranglas | estrangla | estranglasmes | estranglastes | estranglerent | |
future | estranglerai, estrangleray | estrangleras | estranglera | estranglerons | estranglerez | estrangleront | |
conditional | estranglerois, estrangleroys | estranglerois, estrangleroys | estrangleroit, estrangleroyt | estranglerions, estrangleryons | estrangleriez, estrangleryez | estrangleroient, estrangleroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estrangle | estrangles | estrangle | estranglons | estranglez | estranglent |
imperfect | estranglasse | estranglasses | estranglast | estranglassions | estranglassiez | estranglassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | estrangle | — | estranglons | estranglez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin strangulō, strangulāre, from Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “a halter”).
Verb
[edit]estrangler
- to strangle (to squeeze the throat of someone)
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of estrangler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
Descendants
[edit]- French: étrangler
- Norman: êtranglyi
- → Middle English: stranglen, estranglen, strangelyn, strangle, strangli, strangulen, strongle
References
[edit]- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (estrangler, supplement)
Categories:
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French first group verbs
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-a preterite
- Old French first group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -er