fljúga

See also: fljuga

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse fljúga, from Proto-Germanic *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfljuːa/

  Rhymes: -uːa

Verb

fljúga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative flaug, third-person plural past indicative flugu, supine flogið)

1. (intransitive) to fly

Conjugation

fljúga – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að fljúga
supine sagnbót		flogið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		fljúgandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	flýg	flaug		fljúgi	flygi
	þú	flýgur	flaugst		fljúgir	flygir
	hann, hún, það	flýgur	flaug		fljúgi	flygi
plural	við	fljúgum	flugum		fljúgum	flygjum
	þið	fljúgið	fluguð		fljúgið	flygjuð
	þeir, þær, þau	fljúga	flugu		fljúgi	flygju
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	fljúg (þú), fljúgðu
plural	þið	fljúgið (þið), fljúgiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

fljúgast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að fljúgast
supine sagnbót		flogist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		fljúgandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	flýgst	flaugst		fljúgist	flygist
	þú	flýgst	flaugst		fljúgist	flygist
	hann, hún, það	flýgst	flaugst		fljúgist	flygist
plural	við	fljúgumst	flugumst		fljúgumst	flygjumst
	þið	fljúgist	flugust		fljúgist	flygjust
	þeir, þær, þau	fljúgast	flugust		fljúgist	flygjust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	fljúgst (þú), fljúgstu
plural	þið	fljúgist (þið), fljúgisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

floginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	floginn	flogin	flogið	flognir	flognar	flogin
accusative (þolfall)	floginn	flogna	flogið	flogna	flognar	flogin
dative (þágufall)	flognum	floginni	flognu	flognum	flognum	flognum
genitive (eignarfall)	flogins	floginnar	flogins	floginna	floginna	floginna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	flogni	flogna	flogna	flognu	flognu	flognu
accusative (þolfall)	flogna	flognu	flogna	flognu	flognu	flognu
dative (þágufall)	flogna	flognu	flogna	flognu	flognu	flognu
genitive (eignarfall)	flogna	flognu	flogna	flognu	flognu	flognu

Derived terms

• fljúga út (“to sell like hotcakes”)
• fljúgandi (“flying”)
• fljúgandi hálka (“slippery ice”)
• fljúgast
• fljúgast á (“to wrestle, to scuffle”)
• floginn (“vanished”)
• sveltur sitjandi kráka en fljúgandi fær
• tíminn flýgur

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fleuganą.

Cognate with Old English flēoġan (Modern English fly), Old Frisian fliāga (Saterland Frisian fljooge), Old Saxon fliogan (Low German flegen), Old Dutch fliogan (Dutch vliegen), Old High German fliogan (German fliegen). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-. Indo-European cognates include Lithuanian plaũkti.

Verb

fljúga (singular past indicative flaug, plural past indicative flugu, past participle floginn)

1. to fly

Conjugation

Having a final -g, the past indicative singular form may be fló instead of the otherwise regular flaug. In the second person, the final -t is geminated so that fló + -t = flótt.

Conjugation of fljúga — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	fljúga
present participle	fljúgandi
past participle	floginn
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	flýg	flaug, fló		fljúga	flyga
2nd person singular	flýgr	flaugt, flótt		fljúgir	flygir
3rd person singular	flýgr	flaug, fló		fljúgi	flygi
1st person plural	fljúgum	flugum		fljúgim	flygim
2nd person plural	fljúgið	fluguð		fljúgið	flygið
3rd person plural	fljúga	flugu		fljúgi	flygi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	fljúg
1st person plural	fljúgum
2nd person plural	fljúgið

Conjugation of fljúga — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	fljúgask
present participle	fljúgandisk
past participle	flogizk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	fljúgumk	flugumk		fljúgumk	flygumk
2nd person singular	flýgsk	flaugzk, flózk		fljúgisk	flygisk
3rd person singular	flýgsk	flaugsk, flósk		fljúgisk	flygisk
1st person plural	fljúgumsk	flugumsk		fljúgimsk	flygimsk
2nd person plural	fljúgizk	fluguzk		fljúgizk	flygizk
3rd person plural	fljúgask	flugusk		fljúgisk	flygisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	fljúgsk
1st person plural	fljúgumsk
2nd person plural	fljúgizk

Related terms

• fleygja (“to make fly”)

Descendants

• Icelandic: fljúga
• Faroese: flúgva, fljúgva, fljúga
• Norn: floga
• Norwegian Nynorsk: fljuga, flyga (partially from present flyg), fly
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: flyge
• Elfdalian: fliuoga
• Old Swedish: flȳgha, fliūgha
  • Swedish: flyga
• Old Danish: flȳghæ
  • Danish: flyve
    • Norwegian Bokmål: flyve (chiefly dated), fly
• Gutnish: flauge
• Scanian: flyğa

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “fljúga”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive