gwema

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡwéːma/

Verb

-gwéma

1. (transitive) to avoid

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukugwema
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugwema	ukungagwemi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gwema	-gweme
Plural	gwemani	-gwemeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagwema, ngigwema	engigwemayo, engigwema	ngigwema	angigwemi	engingagwemi	ngingagwemi
2nd singular	uyagwema, ugwema	ogwemayo, ogwema	ugwema	awugwemi	ongagwemi	ungagwemi
1st plural	siyagwema, sigwema	esigwemayo, esigwema	sigwema	asigwemi	esingagwemi	singagwemi
2nd plural	niyagwema, nigwema	enigwemayo, enigwema	nigwema	anigwemi	eningagwemi	ningagwemi
Class 1	uyagwema, ugwema	ogwemayo, ogwema	egwema	akagwemi	ongagwemi	engagwemi
Class 2	bayagwema, bagwema	abagwemayo, abagwema	begwema	abagwemi	abangagwemi	bengagwemi
Class 3	uyagwema, ugwema	ogwemayo, ogwema	ugwema	awugwemi	ongagwemi	ungagwemi
Class 4	iyagwema, igwema	egwemayo, egwema	igwema	ayigwemi	engagwemi	ingagwemi
Class 5	liyagwema, ligwema	eligwemayo, eligwema	ligwema	aligwemi	elingagwemi	lingagwemi
Class 6	ayagwema, agwema	agwemayo, agwema	egwema	awagwemi	angagwemi	engagwemi
Class 7	siyagwema, sigwema	esigwemayo, esigwema	sigwema	asigwemi	esingagwemi	singagwemi
Class 8	ziyagwema, zigwema	ezigwemayo, ezigwema	zigwema	azigwemi	ezingagwemi	zingagwemi
Class 9	iyagwema, igwema	egwemayo, egwema	igwema	ayigwemi	engagwemi	ingagwemi
Class 10	ziyagwema, zigwema	ezigwemayo, ezigwema	zigwema	azigwemi	ezingagwemi	zingagwemi
Class 11	luyagwema, lugwema	olugwemayo, olugwema	lugwema	alugwemi	olungagwemi	lungagwemi
Class 14	buyagwema, bugwema	obugwemayo, obugwema	bugwema	abugwemi	obungagwemi	bungagwemi
Class 15	kuyagwema, kugwema	okugwemayo, okugwema	kugwema	akugwemi	okungagwemi	kungagwemi
Class 17	kuyagwema, kugwema	okugwemayo, okugwema	kugwema	akugwemi	okungagwemi	kungagwemi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigwemile, ngigwemē	engigwemile, engigwemē	ngigwemile, ngigwemē	angigwemanga	engingagwemanga	ngingagwemanga
2nd singular	ugwemile, ugwemē	ogwemile, ogwemē	ugwemile, ugwemē	awugwemanga	ongagwemanga	ungagwemanga
1st plural	sigwemile, sigwemē	esigwemile, esigwemē	sigwemile, sigwemē	asigwemanga	esingagwemanga	singagwemanga
2nd plural	nigwemile, nigwemē	enigwemile, enigwemē	nigwemile, nigwemē	anigwemanga	eningagwemanga	ningagwemanga
Class 1	ugwemile, ugwemē	ogwemile, ogwemē	egwemile, egwemē	akagwemanga	ongagwemanga	engagwemanga
Class 2	bagwemile, bagwemē	abagwemile, abagwemē	begwemile, begwemē	abagwemanga	abangagwemanga	bengagwemanga
Class 3	ugwemile, ugwemē	ogwemile, ogwemē	ugwemile, ugwemē	awugwemanga	ongagwemanga	ungagwemanga
Class 4	igwemile, igwemē	egwemile, egwemē	igwemile, igwemē	ayigwemanga	engagwemanga	ingagwemanga
Class 5	ligwemile, ligwemē	eligwemile, eligwemē	ligwemile, ligwemē	aligwemanga	elingagwemanga	lingagwemanga
Class 6	agwemile, agwemē	agwemile, agwemē	egwemile, egwemē	awagwemanga	angagwemanga	engagwemanga
Class 7	sigwemile, sigwemē	esigwemile, esigwemē	sigwemile, sigwemē	asigwemanga	esingagwemanga	singagwemanga
Class 8	zigwemile, zigwemē	ezigwemile, ezigwemē	zigwemile, zigwemē	azigwemanga	ezingagwemanga	zingagwemanga
Class 9	igwemile, igwemē	egwemile, egwemē	igwemile, igwemē	ayigwemanga	engagwemanga	ingagwemanga
Class 10	zigwemile, zigwemē	ezigwemile, ezigwemē	zigwemile, zigwemē	azigwemanga	ezingagwemanga	zingagwemanga
Class 11	lugwemile, lugwemē	olugwemile, olugwemē	lugwemile, lugwemē	alugwemanga	olungagwemanga	lungagwemanga
Class 14	bugwemile, bugwemē	obugwemile, obugwemē	bugwemile, bugwemē	abugwemanga	obungagwemanga	bungagwemanga
Class 15	kugwemile, kugwemē	okugwemile, okugwemē	kugwemile, kugwemē	akugwemanga	okungagwemanga	kungagwemanga
Class 17	kugwemile, kugwemē	okugwemile, okugwemē	kugwemile, kugwemē	akugwemanga	okungagwemanga	kungagwemanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgwema	engāgwema	ngāgwema	angigwemanga	engingagwemanga	ngingagwemanga
2nd singular	wāgwema	owāgwema	wāgwema	awugwemanga	ongagwemanga	ungagwemanga
1st plural	sāgwema	esāgwema	sāgwema	asigwemanga	esingagwemanga	singagwemanga
2nd plural	nāgwema	enāgwema	nāgwema	anigwemanga	eningagwemanga	ningagwemanga
Class 1	wāgwema	owāgwema	āgwema	akagwemanga	ongagwemanga	engagwemanga
Class 2	bāgwema	abāgwema	bāgwema	abagwemanga	abangagwemanga	bengagwemanga
Class 3	wāgwema	owāgwema	wāgwema	awugwemanga	ongagwemanga	ungagwemanga
Class 4	yāgwema	eyāgwema	yāgwema	ayigwemanga	engagwemanga	ingagwemanga
Class 5	lāgwema	elāgwema	lāgwema	aligwemanga	elingagwemanga	lingagwemanga
Class 6	āgwema	āgwema	āgwema	awagwemanga	angagwemanga	engagwemanga
Class 7	sāgwema	esāgwema	sāgwema	asigwemanga	esingagwemanga	singagwemanga
Class 8	zāgwema	ezāgwema	zāgwema	azigwemanga	ezingagwemanga	zingagwemanga
Class 9	yāgwema	eyāgwema	yāgwema	ayigwemanga	engagwemanga	ingagwemanga
Class 10	zāgwema	ezāgwema	zāgwema	azigwemanga	ezingagwemanga	zingagwemanga
Class 11	lwāgwema	olwāgwema	lwāgwema	alugwemanga	olungagwemanga	lungagwemanga
Class 14	bāgwema	obāgwema	bāgwema	abugwemanga	obungagwemanga	bungagwemanga
Class 15	kwāgwema	okwāgwema	kwāgwema	akugwemanga	okungagwemanga	kungagwemanga
Class 17	kwāgwema	okwāgwema	kwāgwema	akugwemanga	okungagwemanga	kungagwemanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagwema	—	ngingagwema	ngingegweme	—	ngingegweme
2nd singular	ungagwema	—	ungagwema	ungegweme	—	ungegweme
1st plural	singagwema	—	singagwema	singegweme	—	singegweme
2nd plural	ningagwema	—	ningagwema	ningegweme	—	ningegweme
Class 1	angagwema	—	engagwema	angegweme	—	engegweme
Class 2	bangagwema	—	bengagwema	bangegweme	—	bengegweme
Class 3	ungagwema	—	ungagwema	ungegweme	—	ungegweme
Class 4	ingagwema	—	ingagwema	ingegweme	—	ingegweme
Class 5	lingagwema	—	lingagwema	lingegweme	—	lingegweme
Class 6	angagwema	—	engagwema	angegweme	—	engegweme
Class 7	singagwema	—	singagwema	singegweme	—	singegweme
Class 8	zingagwema	—	zingagwema	zingegweme	—	zingegweme
Class 9	ingagwema	—	ingagwema	ingegweme	—	ingegweme
Class 10	zingagwema	—	zingagwema	zingegweme	—	zingegweme
Class 11	lungagwema	—	lungagwema	lungegweme	—	lungegweme
Class 14	bungagwema	—	bungagwema	bungegweme	—	bungegweme
Class 15	kungagwema	—	kungagwema	kungegweme	—	kungegweme
Class 17	kungagwema	—	kungagwema	kungegweme	—	kungegweme
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogwema	engizogwema	ngizogwema	angizugwema	engingezugwema	ngingezugwema
2nd singular	uzogwema	ozogwema	uzogwema	awuzugwema	ongezugwema	ungezugwema
1st plural	sizogwema	esizogwema	sizogwema	asizugwema	esingezugwema	singezugwema
2nd plural	nizogwema	enizogwema	nizogwema	anizugwema	eningezugwema	ningezugwema
Class 1	uzogwema	ozogwema	ezogwema	akazugwema	ongezugwema	engezugwema
Class 2	bazogwema	abazogwema	bezogwema	abazugwema	abangezugwema	bengezugwema
Class 3	uzogwema	ozogwema	uzogwema	awuzugwema	ongezugwema	ungezugwema
Class 4	izogwema	ezogwema	izogwema	ayizugwema	engezugwema	ingezugwema
Class 5	lizogwema	elizogwema	lizogwema	alizugwema	elingezugwema	lingezugwema
Class 6	azogwema	azogwema	ezogwema	awazugwema	angezugwema	engezugwema
Class 7	sizogwema	esizogwema	sizogwema	asizugwema	esingezugwema	singezugwema
Class 8	zizogwema	ezizogwema	zizogwema	azizugwema	ezingezugwema	zingezugwema
Class 9	izogwema	ezogwema	izogwema	ayizugwema	engezugwema	ingezugwema
Class 10	zizogwema	ezizogwema	zizogwema	azizugwema	ezingezugwema	zingezugwema
Class 11	luzogwema	oluzogwema	luzogwema	aluzugwema	olungezugwema	lungezugwema
Class 14	buzogwema	obuzogwema	buzogwema	abuzugwema	obungezugwema	bungezugwema
Class 15	kuzogwema	okuzogwema	kuzogwema	akuzugwema	okungezugwema	kungezugwema
Class 17	kuzogwema	okuzogwema	kuzogwema	akuzugwema	okungezugwema	kungezugwema
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogwema	engiyogwema	ngiyogwema	angiyugwema	engingeyugwema	ngingeyugwema
2nd singular	uyogwema	oyogwema	uyogwema	awuyugwema	ongeyugwema	ungeyugwema
1st plural	siyogwema	esiyogwema	siyogwema	asiyugwema	esingeyugwema	singeyugwema
2nd plural	niyogwema	eniyogwema	niyogwema	aniyugwema	eningeyugwema	ningeyugwema
Class 1	uyogwema	oyogwema	eyogwema	akayugwema	ongeyugwema	engeyugwema
Class 2	bayogwema	abayogwema	beyogwema	abayugwema	abangeyugwema	bengeyugwema
Class 3	uyogwema	oyogwema	uyogwema	awuyugwema	ongeyugwema	ungeyugwema
Class 4	iyogwema	eyogwema	iyogwema	ayiyugwema	engeyugwema	ingeyugwema
Class 5	liyogwema	eliyogwema	liyogwema	aliyugwema	elingeyugwema	lingeyugwema
Class 6	ayogwema	ayogwema	eyogwema	awayugwema	angeyugwema	engeyugwema
Class 7	siyogwema	esiyogwema	siyogwema	asiyugwema	esingeyugwema	singeyugwema
Class 8	ziyogwema	eziyogwema	ziyogwema	aziyugwema	ezingeyugwema	zingeyugwema
Class 9	iyogwema	eyogwema	iyogwema	ayiyugwema	engeyugwema	ingeyugwema
Class 10	ziyogwema	eziyogwema	ziyogwema	aziyugwema	ezingeyugwema	zingeyugwema
Class 11	luyogwema	oluyogwema	luyogwema	aluyugwema	olungeyugwema	lungeyugwema
Class 14	buyogwema	obuyogwema	buyogwema	abuyugwema	obungeyugwema	bungeyugwema
Class 15	kuyogwema	okuyogwema	kuyogwema	akuyugwema	okungeyugwema	kungeyugwema
Class 17	kuyogwema	okuyogwema	kuyogwema	akuyugwema	okungeyugwema	kungeyugwema
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigweme	ngingagwemi
2nd singular	ugweme	ungagwemi
1st plural	sigweme	singagwemi
2nd plural	nigweme	ningagwemi
Class 1	agweme	angagwemi
Class 2	bagweme	bangagwemi
Class 3	ugweme	ungagwemi
Class 4	igweme	ingagwemi
Class 5	ligweme	lingagwemi
Class 6	agweme	angagwemi
Class 7	sigweme	singagwemi
Class 8	zigweme	zingagwemi
Class 9	igweme	ingagwemi
Class 10	zigweme	zingagwemi
Class 11	lugweme	lungagwemi
Class 14	bugweme	bungagwemi
Class 15	kugweme	kungagwemi
Class 17	kugweme	kungagwemi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagwema	ngangagwema, angagwema, angangagwema
2nd singular	wagwema	wangagwema, awagwema, awangagwema
1st plural	sagwema	sangagwema, asagwema, asangagwema
2nd plural	nagwema	nangagwema, anagwema, anangagwema
Class 1	wagwema	wangagwema, akagwema, akangagwema
Class 2	bagwema	bangagwema, abagwema, abangagwema
Class 3	wagwema	wangagwema, awagwema, awangagwema
Class 4	yagwema	yangagwema, ayagwema, ayangagwema
Class 5	lagwema	langagwema, alagwema, alangagwema
Class 6	agwema	angagwema, awagwema, awangagwema
Class 7	sagwema	sangagwema, asagwema, asangagwema
Class 8	zagwema	zangagwema, azagwema, azangagwema
Class 9	yagwema	yangagwema, ayagwema, ayangagwema
Class 10	zagwema	zangagwema, azagwema, azangagwema
Class 11	lwagwema	lwangagwema, alwagwema, alwangagwema
Class 14	bagwema	bangagwema, abagwema, abangagwema
Class 15	kwagwema	kwangagwema, akwagwema, akwangagwema
Class 17	kwagwema	kwangagwema, akwagwema, akwangagwema

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gwema”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gwema (6-3.9)”