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Pronunciation[edit]
IPA(key): /ɡwiːᵑǃa/
-gwinqa
- (transitive) to swallow
- Synonym: -gwinya
Inflection[edit]
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukugwinqa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugwinqa
|
ukungagwinqi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
gwinqa
|
-gwinqe
|
Plural
|
gwinqani
|
-gwinqeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagwinqa, ngigwinqa
|
engigwinqayo, engigwinqa
|
ngigwinqa
|
angigwinqi
|
engingagwinqi
|
ngingagwinqi
|
2nd singular
|
uyagwinqa, ugwinqa
|
ogwinqayo, ogwinqa
|
ugwinqa
|
awugwinqi
|
ongagwinqi
|
ungagwinqi
|
1st plural
|
siyagwinqa, sigwinqa
|
esigwinqayo, esigwinqa
|
sigwinqa
|
asigwinqi
|
esingagwinqi
|
singagwinqi
|
2nd plural
|
niyagwinqa, nigwinqa
|
enigwinqayo, enigwinqa
|
nigwinqa
|
anigwinqi
|
eningagwinqi
|
ningagwinqi
|
Class 1
|
uyagwinqa, ugwinqa
|
ogwinqayo, ogwinqa
|
egwinqa
|
akagwinqi
|
ongagwinqi
|
engagwinqi
|
Class 2
|
bayagwinqa, bagwinqa
|
abagwinqayo, abagwinqa
|
begwinqa
|
abagwinqi
|
abangagwinqi
|
bengagwinqi
|
Class 3
|
uyagwinqa, ugwinqa
|
ogwinqayo, ogwinqa
|
ugwinqa
|
awugwinqi
|
ongagwinqi
|
ungagwinqi
|
Class 4
|
iyagwinqa, igwinqa
|
egwinqayo, egwinqa
|
igwinqa
|
ayigwinqi
|
engagwinqi
|
ingagwinqi
|
Class 5
|
liyagwinqa, ligwinqa
|
eligwinqayo, eligwinqa
|
ligwinqa
|
aligwinqi
|
elingagwinqi
|
lingagwinqi
|
Class 6
|
ayagwinqa, agwinqa
|
agwinqayo, agwinqa
|
egwinqa
|
awagwinqi
|
angagwinqi
|
engagwinqi
|
Class 7
|
siyagwinqa, sigwinqa
|
esigwinqayo, esigwinqa
|
sigwinqa
|
asigwinqi
|
esingagwinqi
|
singagwinqi
|
Class 8
|
ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa
|
ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa
|
zigwinqa
|
azigwinqi
|
ezingagwinqi
|
zingagwinqi
|
Class 9
|
iyagwinqa, igwinqa
|
egwinqayo, egwinqa
|
igwinqa
|
ayigwinqi
|
engagwinqi
|
ingagwinqi
|
Class 10
|
ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa
|
ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa
|
zigwinqa
|
azigwinqi
|
ezingagwinqi
|
zingagwinqi
|
Class 11
|
luyagwinqa, lugwinqa
|
olugwinqayo, olugwinqa
|
lugwinqa
|
alugwinqi
|
olungagwinqi
|
lungagwinqi
|
Class 14
|
buyagwinqa, bugwinqa
|
obugwinqayo, obugwinqa
|
bugwinqa
|
abugwinqi
|
obungagwinqi
|
bungagwinqi
|
Class 15
|
kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa
|
okugwinqayo, okugwinqa
|
kugwinqa
|
akugwinqi
|
okungagwinqi
|
kungagwinqi
|
Class 17
|
kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa
|
okugwinqayo, okugwinqa
|
kugwinqa
|
akugwinqi
|
okungagwinqi
|
kungagwinqi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē
|
engigwinqile, engigwinqē
|
ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē
|
angigwinqanga
|
engingagwinqanga
|
ngingagwinqanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugwinqile, ugwinqē
|
ogwinqile, ogwinqē
|
ugwinqile, ugwinqē
|
awugwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
ungagwinqanga
|
1st plural
|
sigwinqile, sigwinqē
|
esigwinqile, esigwinqē
|
sigwinqile, sigwinqē
|
asigwinqanga
|
esingagwinqanga
|
singagwinqanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigwinqile, nigwinqē
|
enigwinqile, enigwinqē
|
nigwinqile, nigwinqē
|
anigwinqanga
|
eningagwinqanga
|
ningagwinqanga
|
Class 1
|
ugwinqile, ugwinqē
|
ogwinqile, ogwinqē
|
egwinqile, egwinqē
|
akagwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
Class 2
|
bagwinqile, bagwinqē
|
abagwinqile, abagwinqē
|
begwinqile, begwinqē
|
abagwinqanga
|
abangagwinqanga
|
bengagwinqanga
|
Class 3
|
ugwinqile, ugwinqē
|
ogwinqile, ogwinqē
|
ugwinqile, ugwinqē
|
awugwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
ungagwinqanga
|
Class 4
|
igwinqile, igwinqē
|
egwinqile, egwinqē
|
igwinqile, igwinqē
|
ayigwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
ingagwinqanga
|
Class 5
|
ligwinqile, ligwinqē
|
eligwinqile, eligwinqē
|
ligwinqile, ligwinqē
|
aligwinqanga
|
elingagwinqanga
|
lingagwinqanga
|
Class 6
|
agwinqile, agwinqē
|
agwinqile, agwinqē
|
egwinqile, egwinqē
|
awagwinqanga
|
angagwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
Class 7
|
sigwinqile, sigwinqē
|
esigwinqile, esigwinqē
|
sigwinqile, sigwinqē
|
asigwinqanga
|
esingagwinqanga
|
singagwinqanga
|
Class 8
|
zigwinqile, zigwinqē
|
ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē
|
zigwinqile, zigwinqē
|
azigwinqanga
|
ezingagwinqanga
|
zingagwinqanga
|
Class 9
|
igwinqile, igwinqē
|
egwinqile, egwinqē
|
igwinqile, igwinqē
|
ayigwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
ingagwinqanga
|
Class 10
|
zigwinqile, zigwinqē
|
ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē
|
zigwinqile, zigwinqē
|
azigwinqanga
|
ezingagwinqanga
|
zingagwinqanga
|
Class 11
|
lugwinqile, lugwinqē
|
olugwinqile, olugwinqē
|
lugwinqile, lugwinqē
|
alugwinqanga
|
olungagwinqanga
|
lungagwinqanga
|
Class 14
|
bugwinqile, bugwinqē
|
obugwinqile, obugwinqē
|
bugwinqile, bugwinqē
|
abugwinqanga
|
obungagwinqanga
|
bungagwinqanga
|
Class 15
|
kugwinqile, kugwinqē
|
okugwinqile, okugwinqē
|
kugwinqile, kugwinqē
|
akugwinqanga
|
okungagwinqanga
|
kungagwinqanga
|
Class 17
|
kugwinqile, kugwinqē
|
okugwinqile, okugwinqē
|
kugwinqile, kugwinqē
|
akugwinqanga
|
okungagwinqanga
|
kungagwinqanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgwinqa
|
engāgwinqa
|
ngāgwinqa
|
angigwinqanga
|
engingagwinqanga
|
ngingagwinqanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgwinqa
|
owāgwinqa
|
wāgwinqa
|
awugwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
ungagwinqanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgwinqa
|
esāgwinqa
|
sāgwinqa
|
asigwinqanga
|
esingagwinqanga
|
singagwinqanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgwinqa
|
enāgwinqa
|
nāgwinqa
|
anigwinqanga
|
eningagwinqanga
|
ningagwinqanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgwinqa
|
owāgwinqa
|
āgwinqa
|
akagwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgwinqa
|
abāgwinqa
|
bāgwinqa
|
abagwinqanga
|
abangagwinqanga
|
bengagwinqanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgwinqa
|
owāgwinqa
|
wāgwinqa
|
awugwinqanga
|
ongagwinqanga
|
ungagwinqanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgwinqa
|
eyāgwinqa
|
yāgwinqa
|
ayigwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
ingagwinqanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgwinqa
|
elāgwinqa
|
lāgwinqa
|
aligwinqanga
|
elingagwinqanga
|
lingagwinqanga
|
Class 6
|
āgwinqa
|
āgwinqa
|
āgwinqa
|
awagwinqanga
|
angagwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgwinqa
|
esāgwinqa
|
sāgwinqa
|
asigwinqanga
|
esingagwinqanga
|
singagwinqanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgwinqa
|
ezāgwinqa
|
zāgwinqa
|
azigwinqanga
|
ezingagwinqanga
|
zingagwinqanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgwinqa
|
eyāgwinqa
|
yāgwinqa
|
ayigwinqanga
|
engagwinqanga
|
ingagwinqanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgwinqa
|
ezāgwinqa
|
zāgwinqa
|
azigwinqanga
|
ezingagwinqanga
|
zingagwinqanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgwinqa
|
olwāgwinqa
|
lwāgwinqa
|
alugwinqanga
|
olungagwinqanga
|
lungagwinqanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgwinqa
|
obāgwinqa
|
bāgwinqa
|
abugwinqanga
|
obungagwinqanga
|
bungagwinqanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgwinqa
|
okwāgwinqa
|
kwāgwinqa
|
akugwinqanga
|
okungagwinqanga
|
kungagwinqanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgwinqa
|
okwāgwinqa
|
kwāgwinqa
|
akugwinqanga
|
okungagwinqanga
|
kungagwinqanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagwinqa
|
—
|
ngingagwinqa
|
ngingegwinqe
|
—
|
ngingegwinqe
|
2nd singular
|
ungagwinqa
|
—
|
ungagwinqa
|
ungegwinqe
|
—
|
ungegwinqe
|
1st plural
|
singagwinqa
|
—
|
singagwinqa
|
singegwinqe
|
—
|
singegwinqe
|
2nd plural
|
ningagwinqa
|
—
|
ningagwinqa
|
ningegwinqe
|
—
|
ningegwinqe
|
Class 1
|
angagwinqa
|
—
|
engagwinqa
|
angegwinqe
|
—
|
engegwinqe
|
Class 2
|
bangagwinqa
|
—
|
bengagwinqa
|
bangegwinqe
|
—
|
bengegwinqe
|
Class 3
|
ungagwinqa
|
—
|
ungagwinqa
|
ungegwinqe
|
—
|
ungegwinqe
|
Class 4
|
ingagwinqa
|
—
|
ingagwinqa
|
ingegwinqe
|
—
|
ingegwinqe
|
Class 5
|
lingagwinqa
|
—
|
lingagwinqa
|
lingegwinqe
|
—
|
lingegwinqe
|
Class 6
|
angagwinqa
|
—
|
engagwinqa
|
angegwinqe
|
—
|
engegwinqe
|
Class 7
|
singagwinqa
|
—
|
singagwinqa
|
singegwinqe
|
—
|
singegwinqe
|
Class 8
|
zingagwinqa
|
—
|
zingagwinqa
|
zingegwinqe
|
—
|
zingegwinqe
|
Class 9
|
ingagwinqa
|
—
|
ingagwinqa
|
ingegwinqe
|
—
|
ingegwinqe
|
Class 10
|
zingagwinqa
|
—
|
zingagwinqa
|
zingegwinqe
|
—
|
zingegwinqe
|
Class 11
|
lungagwinqa
|
—
|
lungagwinqa
|
lungegwinqe
|
—
|
lungegwinqe
|
Class 14
|
bungagwinqa
|
—
|
bungagwinqa
|
bungegwinqe
|
—
|
bungegwinqe
|
Class 15
|
kungagwinqa
|
—
|
kungagwinqa
|
kungegwinqe
|
—
|
kungegwinqe
|
Class 17
|
kungagwinqa
|
—
|
kungagwinqa
|
kungegwinqe
|
—
|
kungegwinqe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogwinqa
|
engizogwinqa
|
ngizogwinqa
|
angizugwinqa
|
engingezugwinqa
|
ngingezugwinqa
|
2nd singular
|
uzogwinqa
|
ozogwinqa
|
uzogwinqa
|
awuzugwinqa
|
ongezugwinqa
|
ungezugwinqa
|
1st plural
|
sizogwinqa
|
esizogwinqa
|
sizogwinqa
|
asizugwinqa
|
esingezugwinqa
|
singezugwinqa
|
2nd plural
|
nizogwinqa
|
enizogwinqa
|
nizogwinqa
|
anizugwinqa
|
eningezugwinqa
|
ningezugwinqa
|
Class 1
|
uzogwinqa
|
ozogwinqa
|
ezogwinqa
|
akazugwinqa
|
ongezugwinqa
|
engezugwinqa
|
Class 2
|
bazogwinqa
|
abazogwinqa
|
bezogwinqa
|
abazugwinqa
|
abangezugwinqa
|
bengezugwinqa
|
Class 3
|
uzogwinqa
|
ozogwinqa
|
uzogwinqa
|
awuzugwinqa
|
ongezugwinqa
|
ungezugwinqa
|
Class 4
|
izogwinqa
|
ezogwinqa
|
izogwinqa
|
ayizugwinqa
|
engezugwinqa
|
ingezugwinqa
|
Class 5
|
lizogwinqa
|
elizogwinqa
|
lizogwinqa
|
alizugwinqa
|
elingezugwinqa
|
lingezugwinqa
|
Class 6
|
azogwinqa
|
azogwinqa
|
ezogwinqa
|
awazugwinqa
|
angezugwinqa
|
engezugwinqa
|
Class 7
|
sizogwinqa
|
esizogwinqa
|
sizogwinqa
|
asizugwinqa
|
esingezugwinqa
|
singezugwinqa
|
Class 8
|
zizogwinqa
|
ezizogwinqa
|
zizogwinqa
|
azizugwinqa
|
ezingezugwinqa
|
zingezugwinqa
|
Class 9
|
izogwinqa
|
ezogwinqa
|
izogwinqa
|
ayizugwinqa
|
engezugwinqa
|
ingezugwinqa
|
Class 10
|
zizogwinqa
|
ezizogwinqa
|
zizogwinqa
|
azizugwinqa
|
ezingezugwinqa
|
zingezugwinqa
|
Class 11
|
luzogwinqa
|
oluzogwinqa
|
luzogwinqa
|
aluzugwinqa
|
olungezugwinqa
|
lungezugwinqa
|
Class 14
|
buzogwinqa
|
obuzogwinqa
|
buzogwinqa
|
abuzugwinqa
|
obungezugwinqa
|
bungezugwinqa
|
Class 15
|
kuzogwinqa
|
okuzogwinqa
|
kuzogwinqa
|
akuzugwinqa
|
okungezugwinqa
|
kungezugwinqa
|
Class 17
|
kuzogwinqa
|
okuzogwinqa
|
kuzogwinqa
|
akuzugwinqa
|
okungezugwinqa
|
kungezugwinqa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogwinqa
|
engiyogwinqa
|
ngiyogwinqa
|
angiyugwinqa
|
engingeyugwinqa
|
ngingeyugwinqa
|
2nd singular
|
uyogwinqa
|
oyogwinqa
|
uyogwinqa
|
awuyugwinqa
|
ongeyugwinqa
|
ungeyugwinqa
|
1st plural
|
siyogwinqa
|
esiyogwinqa
|
siyogwinqa
|
asiyugwinqa
|
esingeyugwinqa
|
singeyugwinqa
|
2nd plural
|
niyogwinqa
|
eniyogwinqa
|
niyogwinqa
|
aniyugwinqa
|
eningeyugwinqa
|
ningeyugwinqa
|
Class 1
|
uyogwinqa
|
oyogwinqa
|
eyogwinqa
|
akayugwinqa
|
ongeyugwinqa
|
engeyugwinqa
|
Class 2
|
bayogwinqa
|
abayogwinqa
|
beyogwinqa
|
abayugwinqa
|
abangeyugwinqa
|
bengeyugwinqa
|
Class 3
|
uyogwinqa
|
oyogwinqa
|
uyogwinqa
|
awuyugwinqa
|
ongeyugwinqa
|
ungeyugwinqa
|
Class 4
|
iyogwinqa
|
eyogwinqa
|
iyogwinqa
|
ayiyugwinqa
|
engeyugwinqa
|
ingeyugwinqa
|
Class 5
|
liyogwinqa
|
eliyogwinqa
|
liyogwinqa
|
aliyugwinqa
|
elingeyugwinqa
|
lingeyugwinqa
|
Class 6
|
ayogwinqa
|
ayogwinqa
|
eyogwinqa
|
awayugwinqa
|
angeyugwinqa
|
engeyugwinqa
|
Class 7
|
siyogwinqa
|
esiyogwinqa
|
siyogwinqa
|
asiyugwinqa
|
esingeyugwinqa
|
singeyugwinqa
|
Class 8
|
ziyogwinqa
|
eziyogwinqa
|
ziyogwinqa
|
aziyugwinqa
|
ezingeyugwinqa
|
zingeyugwinqa
|
Class 9
|
iyogwinqa
|
eyogwinqa
|
iyogwinqa
|
ayiyugwinqa
|
engeyugwinqa
|
ingeyugwinqa
|
Class 10
|
ziyogwinqa
|
eziyogwinqa
|
ziyogwinqa
|
aziyugwinqa
|
ezingeyugwinqa
|
zingeyugwinqa
|
Class 11
|
luyogwinqa
|
oluyogwinqa
|
luyogwinqa
|
aluyugwinqa
|
olungeyugwinqa
|
lungeyugwinqa
|
Class 14
|
buyogwinqa
|
obuyogwinqa
|
buyogwinqa
|
abuyugwinqa
|
obungeyugwinqa
|
bungeyugwinqa
|
Class 15
|
kuyogwinqa
|
okuyogwinqa
|
kuyogwinqa
|
akuyugwinqa
|
okungeyugwinqa
|
kungeyugwinqa
|
Class 17
|
kuyogwinqa
|
okuyogwinqa
|
kuyogwinqa
|
akuyugwinqa
|
okungeyugwinqa
|
kungeyugwinqa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigwinqe
|
ngingagwinqi
|
2nd singular
|
ugwinqe
|
ungagwinqi
|
1st plural
|
sigwinqe
|
singagwinqi
|
2nd plural
|
nigwinqe
|
ningagwinqi
|
Class 1
|
agwinqe
|
angagwinqi
|
Class 2
|
bagwinqe
|
bangagwinqi
|
Class 3
|
ugwinqe
|
ungagwinqi
|
Class 4
|
igwinqe
|
ingagwinqi
|
Class 5
|
ligwinqe
|
lingagwinqi
|
Class 6
|
agwinqe
|
angagwinqi
|
Class 7
|
sigwinqe
|
singagwinqi
|
Class 8
|
zigwinqe
|
zingagwinqi
|
Class 9
|
igwinqe
|
ingagwinqi
|
Class 10
|
zigwinqe
|
zingagwinqi
|
Class 11
|
lugwinqe
|
lungagwinqi
|
Class 14
|
bugwinqe
|
bungagwinqi
|
Class 15
|
kugwinqe
|
kungagwinqi
|
Class 17
|
kugwinqe
|
kungagwinqi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagwinqa
|
ngangagwinqa, angagwinqa, angangagwinqa
|
2nd singular
|
wagwinqa
|
wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa
|
1st plural
|
sagwinqa
|
sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa
|
2nd plural
|
nagwinqa
|
nangagwinqa, anagwinqa, anangagwinqa
|
Class 1
|
wagwinqa
|
wangagwinqa, akagwinqa, akangagwinqa
|
Class 2
|
bagwinqa
|
bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa
|
Class 3
|
wagwinqa
|
wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa
|
Class 4
|
yagwinqa
|
yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa
|
Class 5
|
lagwinqa
|
langagwinqa, alagwinqa, alangagwinqa
|
Class 6
|
agwinqa
|
angagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa
|
Class 7
|
sagwinqa
|
sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa
|
Class 8
|
zagwinqa
|
zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa
|
Class 9
|
yagwinqa
|
yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa
|
Class 10
|
zagwinqa
|
zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa
|
Class 11
|
lwagwinqa
|
lwangagwinqa, alwagwinqa, alwangagwinqa
|
Class 14
|
bagwinqa
|
bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa
|
Class 15
|
kwagwinqa
|
kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa
|
Class 17
|
kwagwinqa
|
kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa
|
References[edit]