jangan

See also: jängän

Balinese

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese jaṅan (“a soup-like dish”), gaṅan (“vegetables”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaŋan/

Noun

jangan (Balinese script ᬚᬗᬦ᭄) (alus mider)

1. vegetable

   Synonym: (andap) jukut

Further reading

• “jangan”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• djangan (1947–1972)

Etymology

Inherited from Malay jangan, from Classical Malay جاڠن (jangan), from Old Malay jāṅan, from Proto-Malayic *jaŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaŋan.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaŋan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.ŋan]
• Rhymes: -aŋan
• Syllabification: ja‧ngan

Adverb

jangan

1. expresses that something is forbidden or shouldn't happen: don't!

   Jangan bohong. ― Don't lie.

   Jangan mencuri. ― Thou shalt not steal. / Don't steal.

Usage notes

While jangan is an adverb, dilarang is a passive verb used in public notices and usually translated as "It is prohibited to..." or "Do not...".

Derived terms

• jangan-jangan
• jangankan
• menjangankan

• jangan akan
• jangan hendaknya
• jangan sampai
• jangan tiada

Further reading

• “jangan”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Alternative forms

• jgn (Internet slang)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *jaŋan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaŋan.

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (jāṅan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒaŋan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.ŋan]
• Rhymes: -aŋan, -ŋan, -an
• Hyphenation: ja‧ngan

Adverb

jangan (Jawi spelling جاڠن)

1. don't (do not); marks the negative imperative
   • 1612, Albert Cornelius Ruyl, Translation of the Gospel of Matthew into Malay, 3:8:

     dan jangan kamu berfikir atu berkata: kita punya Ibrahim akan bappa kami

     ...and do not think to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’

   • 2005 February 27, Mohd Rizman Mat Arip, “Prime Land for Sale”, in sg.singnet.marketplace (Usenet):

     Jangan persiakan-siakan masa […]

     Don’t waste time

Descendants

• Indonesian: jangan
• North Moluccan Malay: jang

Further reading

• "jangan" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017