kawah

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkawah/ [ˈka.wah]
• Rhymes: -awah
• Syllabification: ka‧wah

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay kawah (“crater”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawaq (“cauldron; crater”).

Noun

kawah (plural kawah-kawah)

1. (geology) crater
2. (obsolete) cauldron

   Synonyms: kaldron, kuali, kancah

Derived terms

Affixations

• berkawah

Compounds

• kawah candradimuka

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese kawah (ꦏꦮꦃ, “amniotic fluid”), from Old Javanese kawah (“cauldron, cauldron of hell, amniotic fluid”).

Noun

kawah (plural kawah-kawah)

1. (Java) amniotic fluid

   Synonym: ketuban

Further reading

• “kawah”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawaq (“cauldron; crater”).

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety, /a/-variety, Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈkawah/ [ˈka.wah]
• (2) Rhymes: -ah
• Hyphenation: ka‧wah

Noun

kawah (Jawi spelling کاوه, plural kawah-kawah or kawah²)

1. cauldron

   Synonyms: kuali, kancah, periuk

2. (geology) crater (of a volcano)
3. (astronomy) crater on planetary surface
4. vortex of a whirlpool

Derived terms

Affixations

• berkawah (“cratered; having a crater”)

Compounds

• kawah peleburan (“melting pot”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: kawah (inherited)

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “کاوه kawah”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 76
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “کاوه kawah”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 499
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “kawah”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 518

Further reading

• "kawah" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "kawah" at PRPM first version)

Old Sundanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawaq (“cauldron; crater”)

Noun

kawah

1. crater
2. (figurative) hell

   Synonym: naraka

   • c. 1518, Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (Kropak 630), folio 13 verso:

     tan-awuruṅ inaṅti deniṅ kawah...

     certainly awaited by hell...