kesal
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Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦼꦱꦼꦭ꧀ (kesel, “tired”), Old Javanese kĕsĕl (“tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; sad, distressed”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kêsal
- to annoy
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of kesal (meng-, absolute intransitive) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | kesal | ||||
Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | mengesal | terkesal | kesal | kesallah | |
Locative | mengesali | terkesali | dikesali | kesali | kesalilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengesalkan | terkesalkan | dikesalkan | kesalkan | kesalkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Active | memperkesal | terperkesal | diperkesal | perkesal | perkesallah |
Locative | memperkesali | terperkesali | diperkesali | perkesali | perkesalilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | memperkesalkan | terperkesalkan | diperkesalkan | perkesalkan | perkesalkanlah |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kesal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.