kesal

Indonesian

Etymology

Cognate of Javanese ꦏꦼꦱꦼꦭ꧀ (kesel, “tired”), Old Javanese kĕsĕl (“tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; sad, distressed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kəˈsal]
• Hyphenation: ke‧sal

Verb

kêsal

1. to annoy

Conjugation

Conjugation of kesal (meng-, absolute intransitive, irregular)
Root	kesal
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Imperative	Jussive
Active	mengesal	terkesal		kesal	kesallah
Locative	mengesali	terkesali	dikesali	kesali	kesalilah
Causative / Applicative1	mengesalkan	terkesalkan	dikesalkan	kesalkan	kesalkanlah
	Causative
Active	memperkesal	terperkesal	diperkesal	perkesal	perkesallah
Locative	memperkesali	terperkesali	diperkesali	perkesali	perkesalilah
Causative / Applicative1	memperkesalkan	terperkesalkan	diperkesalkan	perkesalkan	perkesalkanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• kekesalan

 

Further reading

• “kesal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.