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kierownictwo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Polish

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kaizwijaną
Old High German kēren
Middle High German kēren
German kehrenbor.
Proto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?
Proto-Slavic *-ovati
Old Polish -ować
Polish -ować
Polish kierować
Proto-Slavic *-nъ
Proto-Indo-European *-eykos
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-eikas
Proto-Slavic *-ikъ
Proto-Slavic *-nikъ
Old Polish -nik
Polish -nik
Polish kierownik
Proto-Indo-European *-tusder.
Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo
Old Polish -stwo
Polish -stwo
Polish -ctwo
Polish kierownictwo

    From kierownik + -ctwo. First attested in 1811.[1] Compare Kashubian czerownictwò.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kjɛ.rɔvˈɲi.t͡stfɔ/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -it͡stfɔ
    • Syllabification: kie‧row‧ni‧ctwo

    Noun

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    kierownictwo n

    1. (uncountable) management, guidance, direction (act of managing people, companies, or institutions) [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘over what’]
      Synonyms: kierowanie, zarządzanie
    2. (countable) management, guidance, direction (group of people performing such managing)
      Synonyms: dyrekcja, szefostwo, naczalstwo
    3. (countable) management, guidance, direction (building where such managing takes place)

    Declension

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    Declension of kierownictwo
    singular plural
    nominative kierownictwo kierownictwa
    genitive kierownictwa kierownictw
    dative kierownictwu kierownictwom
    accusative kierownictwo kierownictwa
    instrumental kierownictwem kierownictwami
    locative kierownictwie kierownictwach
    vocative kierownictwo kierownictwa
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    verbs

    Trivia

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    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), kierownictwo is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2 times in scientific texts, 35 times in news, 27 times in essays, 5 times in fiction, and 0 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 69 times, making it the 931st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]

    References

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    1. ^ Gazeta Lwowska (in Polish), number 41, 20 August 1811, page 1011
    2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “kierownictwo”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 176

    Further reading

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