mugurkauls

Latvian

Mugurkauls

Etymology

From mugura (“back”) +‎ kauls (“bone”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mugurkauls m (1st declension)

1. (anatomy) spine, backbone

   mugurkaula skriemeļi, artērijas ― spine vertebrae, arteries

   mugurkaula deformācija ― spine deformation

   mugurkaula izliekumi ― curvature of the spine

   lokans mugurkauls ― flexible backbone

   lauzt mugurkaulu ― to break one's spine

2. (strong) character, nature

   vīrs ar stringru mugurkaulu ― a man with a strong spine (= character)

Declension

Declension of mugurkauls (1st)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative	mugurkauls	mugurkauli
genitive	mugurkaula	mugurkaulu
dative	mugurkaulam	mugurkauliem
accusative	mugurkaulu	mugurkaulus
instrumental	mugurkaulu	mugurkauliem
locative	mugurkaulā	mugurkaulos
vocative	mugurkaul	mugurkauli

Derived terms

• mugurkaulnieks (“vertebrate”)