outwardness

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *úd

Proto-Germanic *ūt

Proto-Germanic *ūt-

Old English ūt-

Middle English ut-

English out-

English ward

English outward

Proto-Germanic *-in-

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ti

Proto-Germanic *-ōną

Proto-Germanic *-inōną

Proto-Indo-European *-dyé-

Proto-Germanic *-atjaną

Proto-Indo-European *-tus

Proto-Germanic *-þuz

Proto-Germanic *-assuz

Proto-Germanic *-inassuz

Proto-West Germanic *-nassī

Old English -nes

Middle English -nesse

English -ness

English outwardness

From outward + -ness.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈaʊtwədnɪs/, /-nəs/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈaʊtwɚdnɪs/, /-nəs/

Noun

outwardness (usually uncountable, plural outwardnesses)

1. (uncountable) The quality of being outward.
2. (countable) The result or product of being outward.