pnyl

Middle Persian

Etymology

Ultimately from the Proto-Iranian verbal root *nayH- (“to churn butter”) with the preverb *pati-. The Iranian root is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nayH- (“to churn butter”), from Proto-Indo-European *neyH- (“to make butter, churn”). Cognate with Sanskrit (नव-)नीत ((nava-)nīta, “fresh butter”); outside of Indo-Iranian, cognate with Latvian nīt (“used in sviestu nīt (to make butter)”) and paniņas (“buttermilk”).

Noun

pnyl • (panīr)

1. (Book Pahlavi) cheese

Descendants

• Classical Persian: پنیر (paner) (see there for more descendants)
  • Iranian Persian: پَنیرْ (panir)
  • Dari: پَنِیرْ (panīr)
  • Tajik: панир (panir)
    • → Yaghnobi: панир (panir)
• Kurdish:
  • Northern Kurdish: penîr
  • Central Kurdish: پەنێر (penêr)
  • Southern Kurdish: پەنێر (penêr)
  • Zazaki: penîr
• → Old Armenian: պանիր (panir)
• Mazanderani: پنیر (pannir)
• Gilaki: پنیر (panir)

Further reading

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “panīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
• Horn, Paul (1893), Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 183, page 289
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897), Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 221
• Bailey, H. W. (1979), Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 184b