poenydio
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Possibly from penydio (“to punish, to torment”) influenced by poen (“pain”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /pɔɨ̯ˈnədjɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /pɔi̯ˈnədjɔ/
Verb[edit]
poenydio (first-person singular present poenydiaf)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | poenydiiaf | poenydii | poenydiia | poenydiiwn | poenydiiwch | poenydiiant | poenydiir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | poenydiiwn | poenydiit | poenydiiai | poenydiiem | poenydiiech | poenydiient | poenydiid | |
| preterite | poenydiiais | poenydiiaist | poenydiiodd | poenydiiasom | poenydiiasoch | poenydiiasant | poenydiiwyd | |
| pluperfect | poenydiiaswn | poenydiiasit | poenydiiasai | poenydiiasem | poenydiiasech | poenydiiasent | poenydiiasid, poenydiiesid | |
| present subjunctive | poenydiiwyf | poenydiiech | poenydiio | poenydiiom | poenydiioch | poenydiiont | poenydiier | |
| imperative | — | poenydiia | poenydiied | poenydiiwn | poenydiiwch | poenydiient | poenydiier | |
| verbal noun | poenydio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | poenydiiedig poenydiiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | poenydia i, poenydiaf i | poenydi di | poenydith o/e/hi, poenydiff e/hi | poenydiwn ni | poenydiwch chi | poenydian nhw |
| conditional | poenydiwn i, poenydswn i | poenydiet ti, poenydset ti | poenydiai fo/fe/hi, poenydsai fo/fe/hi | poenydien ni, poenydsen ni | poenydiech chi, poenydsech chi | poenydien nhw, poenydsen nhw |
| preterite | poenydiais i, poenydies i | poenydiaist ti, poenydiest ti | poenydiodd o/e/hi | poenydion ni | poenydioch chi | poenydion nhw |
| imperative | — | poenydia | — | — | poenydiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms[edit]
- poenydiwr (“tormentor, torturer”)
Mutation[edit]
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| poenydio | boenydio | mhoenydio | phoenydio |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “poenydio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies