puraké

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pu.ɾaˈkɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Hyphenation: pu‧ra‧ké

Etymology 1

poraké (sense 1)

poraké (sense 2)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *purake.

Compare Paraguayan Guaraní porake.

Alternative forms

• poraké, purá

Noun

puraké (unpossessable)

1. (North Tupi, hapax) electric eel (Electrophorus electricus)
2. chola guitarfish (Pseudobatos percellens)

Descendants

• Nheengatu: puraké
• → Brazilian Portuguese: poraquê, poroquê, puraquê

Etymology 2

Noun

puraké (Ib class pluriform, absolute muraké) (possessable)

1. elbow (joint between upper arm and forearm)

   Synonym: endybangã

Usage notes

• Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, from 1622, states that puraké was only used in the Captaincy of São Vicente, current São Paulo state. The inherited term in Northern Brazil's Nheengatu, however, shows that the word was known in a wider area.

Descendants

• Nheengatu: puraké

Etymology 3

Adjective

puraké (noun form puraké)

1. deceptive

   Coordinate term: nhe'engyrygûan

   • 1622, anonymous author, “Refalçado ser nas palauras”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 99; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:

     Xenheengpuraquê.

     [Xe nhe'ẽpuraké.]

     My deceptive words.

Declension

    Declension of puraké (oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	momuraké
Deadjectivals
-ba'e	i purakeba'e
-sab(a)	purakeaba／purakesaba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe puraké	nde puraké	i puraké	oré puraké	îandé puraké	pe puraké
Imperative
Permissive	ta xe puraké	ta nde puraké	t'i puraké	t'oré puraké	t'îandé puraké	ta pe puraké
Negative indicative	na xe purakéî	na nde purakéî	n'i purakéî	n'oré purakéî	n'îandé purakéî	na pe purakéî
Negative imperative		nde puraké umẽ				pe puraké umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe puraké umẽ	ta nde puraké umẽ	t'i puraké umẽ	t'oré puraké umẽ	t'îandé puraké umẽ	ta pe puraké umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe purakéramo	nde purakéramo	o purakéramo	oré purakéramo	îandé purakéramo	pe purakéramo
Negative	xe purakee'ymamo	nde purakee'ymamo	o purakee'ymamo	oré purakee'ymamo	îandé purakee'ymamo	pe purakee'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	puraké
Negative	purakee'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund1
	xe purakéû2		i purakéû2	oré purakéû2	îandé purakéû2
Negative	same as gerund1
	xe purakee'ymi2		i purakee'ymi2	oré purakee'ymi2	îandé purakee'ymi2
1South Tupi 2North Tupi

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “puraké”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 411, column 2