qhumbuza

Zulu

Etymology

Derived from the ideophone qhumbu.

Verb

-qhumbuza

1. to puncture

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqhumbuza
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqhumbuza	ukungaqhumbuzi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qhumbuza	-qhumbuze
Plural	qhumbuzani	-qhumbuzeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqhumbuza, ngiqhumbuza	engiqhumbuzayo, engiqhumbuza	ngiqhumbuza	angiqhumbuzi	engingaqhumbuzi	ngingaqhumbuzi
2nd singular	uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza	oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza	uqhumbuza	awuqhumbuzi	ongaqhumbuzi	ungaqhumbuzi
1st plural	siyaqhumbuza, siqhumbuza	esiqhumbuzayo, esiqhumbuza	siqhumbuza	asiqhumbuzi	esingaqhumbuzi	singaqhumbuzi
2nd plural	niyaqhumbuza, niqhumbuza	eniqhumbuzayo, eniqhumbuza	niqhumbuza	aniqhumbuzi	eningaqhumbuzi	ningaqhumbuzi
Class 1	uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza	oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza	eqhumbuza	akaqhumbuzi	ongaqhumbuzi	engaqhumbuzi
Class 2	bayaqhumbuza, baqhumbuza	abaqhumbuzayo, abaqhumbuza	beqhumbuza	abaqhumbuzi	abangaqhumbuzi	bengaqhumbuzi
Class 3	uyaqhumbuza, uqhumbuza	oqhumbuzayo, oqhumbuza	uqhumbuza	awuqhumbuzi	ongaqhumbuzi	ungaqhumbuzi
Class 4	iyaqhumbuza, iqhumbuza	eqhumbuzayo, eqhumbuza	iqhumbuza	ayiqhumbuzi	engaqhumbuzi	ingaqhumbuzi
Class 5	liyaqhumbuza, liqhumbuza	eliqhumbuzayo, eliqhumbuza	liqhumbuza	aliqhumbuzi	elingaqhumbuzi	lingaqhumbuzi
Class 6	ayaqhumbuza, aqhumbuza	aqhumbuzayo, aqhumbuza	eqhumbuza	awaqhumbuzi	angaqhumbuzi	engaqhumbuzi
Class 7	siyaqhumbuza, siqhumbuza	esiqhumbuzayo, esiqhumbuza	siqhumbuza	asiqhumbuzi	esingaqhumbuzi	singaqhumbuzi
Class 8	ziyaqhumbuza, ziqhumbuza	eziqhumbuzayo, eziqhumbuza	ziqhumbuza	aziqhumbuzi	ezingaqhumbuzi	zingaqhumbuzi
Class 9	iyaqhumbuza, iqhumbuza	eqhumbuzayo, eqhumbuza	iqhumbuza	ayiqhumbuzi	engaqhumbuzi	ingaqhumbuzi
Class 10	ziyaqhumbuza, ziqhumbuza	eziqhumbuzayo, eziqhumbuza	ziqhumbuza	aziqhumbuzi	ezingaqhumbuzi	zingaqhumbuzi
Class 11	luyaqhumbuza, luqhumbuza	oluqhumbuzayo, oluqhumbuza	luqhumbuza	aluqhumbuzi	olungaqhumbuzi	lungaqhumbuzi
Class 14	buyaqhumbuza, buqhumbuza	obuqhumbuzayo, obuqhumbuza	buqhumbuza	abuqhumbuzi	obungaqhumbuzi	bungaqhumbuzi
Class 15	kuyaqhumbuza, kuqhumbuza	okuqhumbuzayo, okuqhumbuza	kuqhumbuza	akuqhumbuzi	okungaqhumbuzi	kungaqhumbuzi
Class 17	kuyaqhumbuza, kuqhumbuza	okuqhumbuzayo, okuqhumbuza	kuqhumbuza	akuqhumbuzi	okungaqhumbuzi	kungaqhumbuzi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqhumbuzile, ngiqhumbuzē	engiqhumbuzile, engiqhumbuzē	ngiqhumbuzile, ngiqhumbuzē	angiqhumbuzanga	engingaqhumbuzanga	ngingaqhumbuzanga
2nd singular	uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē	oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē	uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē	awuqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	ungaqhumbuzanga
1st plural	siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē	esiqhumbuzile, esiqhumbuzē	siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē	asiqhumbuzanga	esingaqhumbuzanga	singaqhumbuzanga
2nd plural	niqhumbuzile, niqhumbuzē	eniqhumbuzile, eniqhumbuzē	niqhumbuzile, niqhumbuzē	aniqhumbuzanga	eningaqhumbuzanga	ningaqhumbuzanga
Class 1	uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē	oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē	eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē	akaqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga
Class 2	baqhumbuzile, baqhumbuzē	abaqhumbuzile, abaqhumbuzē	beqhumbuzile, beqhumbuzē	abaqhumbuzanga	abangaqhumbuzanga	bengaqhumbuzanga
Class 3	uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē	oqhumbuzile, oqhumbuzē	uqhumbuzile, uqhumbuzē	awuqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	ungaqhumbuzanga
Class 4	iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē	eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē	iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē	ayiqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga	ingaqhumbuzanga
Class 5	liqhumbuzile, liqhumbuzē	eliqhumbuzile, eliqhumbuzē	liqhumbuzile, liqhumbuzē	aliqhumbuzanga	elingaqhumbuzanga	lingaqhumbuzanga
Class 6	aqhumbuzile, aqhumbuzē	aqhumbuzile, aqhumbuzē	eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē	awaqhumbuzanga	angaqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga
Class 7	siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē	esiqhumbuzile, esiqhumbuzē	siqhumbuzile, siqhumbuzē	asiqhumbuzanga	esingaqhumbuzanga	singaqhumbuzanga
Class 8	ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē	eziqhumbuzile, eziqhumbuzē	ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē	aziqhumbuzanga	ezingaqhumbuzanga	zingaqhumbuzanga
Class 9	iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē	eqhumbuzile, eqhumbuzē	iqhumbuzile, iqhumbuzē	ayiqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga	ingaqhumbuzanga
Class 10	ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē	eziqhumbuzile, eziqhumbuzē	ziqhumbuzile, ziqhumbuzē	aziqhumbuzanga	ezingaqhumbuzanga	zingaqhumbuzanga
Class 11	luqhumbuzile, luqhumbuzē	oluqhumbuzile, oluqhumbuzē	luqhumbuzile, luqhumbuzē	aluqhumbuzanga	olungaqhumbuzanga	lungaqhumbuzanga
Class 14	buqhumbuzile, buqhumbuzē	obuqhumbuzile, obuqhumbuzē	buqhumbuzile, buqhumbuzē	abuqhumbuzanga	obungaqhumbuzanga	bungaqhumbuzanga
Class 15	kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē	okuqhumbuzile, okuqhumbuzē	kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē	akuqhumbuzanga	okungaqhumbuzanga	kungaqhumbuzanga
Class 17	kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē	okuqhumbuzile, okuqhumbuzē	kuqhumbuzile, kuqhumbuzē	akuqhumbuzanga	okungaqhumbuzanga	kungaqhumbuzanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqhumbuza	engāqhumbuza	ngāqhumbuza	angiqhumbuzanga	engingaqhumbuzanga	ngingaqhumbuzanga
2nd singular	wāqhumbuza	owāqhumbuza	wāqhumbuza	awuqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	ungaqhumbuzanga
1st plural	sāqhumbuza	esāqhumbuza	sāqhumbuza	asiqhumbuzanga	esingaqhumbuzanga	singaqhumbuzanga
2nd plural	nāqhumbuza	enāqhumbuza	nāqhumbuza	aniqhumbuzanga	eningaqhumbuzanga	ningaqhumbuzanga
Class 1	wāqhumbuza	owāqhumbuza	āqhumbuza	akaqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga
Class 2	bāqhumbuza	abāqhumbuza	bāqhumbuza	abaqhumbuzanga	abangaqhumbuzanga	bengaqhumbuzanga
Class 3	wāqhumbuza	owāqhumbuza	wāqhumbuza	awuqhumbuzanga	ongaqhumbuzanga	ungaqhumbuzanga
Class 4	yāqhumbuza	eyāqhumbuza	yāqhumbuza	ayiqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga	ingaqhumbuzanga
Class 5	lāqhumbuza	elāqhumbuza	lāqhumbuza	aliqhumbuzanga	elingaqhumbuzanga	lingaqhumbuzanga
Class 6	āqhumbuza	āqhumbuza	āqhumbuza	awaqhumbuzanga	angaqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga
Class 7	sāqhumbuza	esāqhumbuza	sāqhumbuza	asiqhumbuzanga	esingaqhumbuzanga	singaqhumbuzanga
Class 8	zāqhumbuza	ezāqhumbuza	zāqhumbuza	aziqhumbuzanga	ezingaqhumbuzanga	zingaqhumbuzanga
Class 9	yāqhumbuza	eyāqhumbuza	yāqhumbuza	ayiqhumbuzanga	engaqhumbuzanga	ingaqhumbuzanga
Class 10	zāqhumbuza	ezāqhumbuza	zāqhumbuza	aziqhumbuzanga	ezingaqhumbuzanga	zingaqhumbuzanga
Class 11	lwāqhumbuza	olwāqhumbuza	lwāqhumbuza	aluqhumbuzanga	olungaqhumbuzanga	lungaqhumbuzanga
Class 14	bāqhumbuza	obāqhumbuza	bāqhumbuza	abuqhumbuzanga	obungaqhumbuzanga	bungaqhumbuzanga
Class 15	kwāqhumbuza	okwāqhumbuza	kwāqhumbuza	akuqhumbuzanga	okungaqhumbuzanga	kungaqhumbuzanga
Class 17	kwāqhumbuza	okwāqhumbuza	kwāqhumbuza	akuqhumbuzanga	okungaqhumbuzanga	kungaqhumbuzanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqhumbuza	—	ngingaqhumbuza	ngingeqhumbuze	—	ngingeqhumbuze
2nd singular	ungaqhumbuza	—	ungaqhumbuza	ungeqhumbuze	—	ungeqhumbuze
1st plural	singaqhumbuza	—	singaqhumbuza	singeqhumbuze	—	singeqhumbuze
2nd plural	ningaqhumbuza	—	ningaqhumbuza	ningeqhumbuze	—	ningeqhumbuze
Class 1	angaqhumbuza	—	engaqhumbuza	angeqhumbuze	—	engeqhumbuze
Class 2	bangaqhumbuza	—	bengaqhumbuza	bangeqhumbuze	—	bengeqhumbuze
Class 3	ungaqhumbuza	—	ungaqhumbuza	ungeqhumbuze	—	ungeqhumbuze
Class 4	ingaqhumbuza	—	ingaqhumbuza	ingeqhumbuze	—	ingeqhumbuze
Class 5	lingaqhumbuza	—	lingaqhumbuza	lingeqhumbuze	—	lingeqhumbuze
Class 6	angaqhumbuza	—	engaqhumbuza	angeqhumbuze	—	engeqhumbuze
Class 7	singaqhumbuza	—	singaqhumbuza	singeqhumbuze	—	singeqhumbuze
Class 8	zingaqhumbuza	—	zingaqhumbuza	zingeqhumbuze	—	zingeqhumbuze
Class 9	ingaqhumbuza	—	ingaqhumbuza	ingeqhumbuze	—	ingeqhumbuze
Class 10	zingaqhumbuza	—	zingaqhumbuza	zingeqhumbuze	—	zingeqhumbuze
Class 11	lungaqhumbuza	—	lungaqhumbuza	lungeqhumbuze	—	lungeqhumbuze
Class 14	bungaqhumbuza	—	bungaqhumbuza	bungeqhumbuze	—	bungeqhumbuze
Class 15	kungaqhumbuza	—	kungaqhumbuza	kungeqhumbuze	—	kungeqhumbuze
Class 17	kungaqhumbuza	—	kungaqhumbuza	kungeqhumbuze	—	kungeqhumbuze
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqhumbuza	engizoqhumbuza	ngizoqhumbuza	angizuqhumbuza	engingezuqhumbuza	ngingezuqhumbuza
2nd singular	uzoqhumbuza	ozoqhumbuza	uzoqhumbuza	awuzuqhumbuza	ongezuqhumbuza	ungezuqhumbuza
1st plural	sizoqhumbuza	esizoqhumbuza	sizoqhumbuza	asizuqhumbuza	esingezuqhumbuza	singezuqhumbuza
2nd plural	nizoqhumbuza	enizoqhumbuza	nizoqhumbuza	anizuqhumbuza	eningezuqhumbuza	ningezuqhumbuza
Class 1	uzoqhumbuza	ozoqhumbuza	ezoqhumbuza	akazuqhumbuza	ongezuqhumbuza	engezuqhumbuza
Class 2	bazoqhumbuza	abazoqhumbuza	bezoqhumbuza	abazuqhumbuza	abangezuqhumbuza	bengezuqhumbuza
Class 3	uzoqhumbuza	ozoqhumbuza	uzoqhumbuza	awuzuqhumbuza	ongezuqhumbuza	ungezuqhumbuza
Class 4	izoqhumbuza	ezoqhumbuza	izoqhumbuza	ayizuqhumbuza	engezuqhumbuza	ingezuqhumbuza
Class 5	lizoqhumbuza	elizoqhumbuza	lizoqhumbuza	alizuqhumbuza	elingezuqhumbuza	lingezuqhumbuza
Class 6	azoqhumbuza	azoqhumbuza	ezoqhumbuza	awazuqhumbuza	angezuqhumbuza	engezuqhumbuza
Class 7	sizoqhumbuza	esizoqhumbuza	sizoqhumbuza	asizuqhumbuza	esingezuqhumbuza	singezuqhumbuza
Class 8	zizoqhumbuza	ezizoqhumbuza	zizoqhumbuza	azizuqhumbuza	ezingezuqhumbuza	zingezuqhumbuza
Class 9	izoqhumbuza	ezoqhumbuza	izoqhumbuza	ayizuqhumbuza	engezuqhumbuza	ingezuqhumbuza
Class 10	zizoqhumbuza	ezizoqhumbuza	zizoqhumbuza	azizuqhumbuza	ezingezuqhumbuza	zingezuqhumbuza
Class 11	luzoqhumbuza	oluzoqhumbuza	luzoqhumbuza	aluzuqhumbuza	olungezuqhumbuza	lungezuqhumbuza
Class 14	buzoqhumbuza	obuzoqhumbuza	buzoqhumbuza	abuzuqhumbuza	obungezuqhumbuza	bungezuqhumbuza
Class 15	kuzoqhumbuza	okuzoqhumbuza	kuzoqhumbuza	akuzuqhumbuza	okungezuqhumbuza	kungezuqhumbuza
Class 17	kuzoqhumbuza	okuzoqhumbuza	kuzoqhumbuza	akuzuqhumbuza	okungezuqhumbuza	kungezuqhumbuza
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqhumbuza	engiyoqhumbuza	ngiyoqhumbuza	angiyuqhumbuza	engingeyuqhumbuza	ngingeyuqhumbuza
2nd singular	uyoqhumbuza	oyoqhumbuza	uyoqhumbuza	awuyuqhumbuza	ongeyuqhumbuza	ungeyuqhumbuza
1st plural	siyoqhumbuza	esiyoqhumbuza	siyoqhumbuza	asiyuqhumbuza	esingeyuqhumbuza	singeyuqhumbuza
2nd plural	niyoqhumbuza	eniyoqhumbuza	niyoqhumbuza	aniyuqhumbuza	eningeyuqhumbuza	ningeyuqhumbuza
Class 1	uyoqhumbuza	oyoqhumbuza	eyoqhumbuza	akayuqhumbuza	ongeyuqhumbuza	engeyuqhumbuza
Class 2	bayoqhumbuza	abayoqhumbuza	beyoqhumbuza	abayuqhumbuza	abangeyuqhumbuza	bengeyuqhumbuza
Class 3	uyoqhumbuza	oyoqhumbuza	uyoqhumbuza	awuyuqhumbuza	ongeyuqhumbuza	ungeyuqhumbuza
Class 4	iyoqhumbuza	eyoqhumbuza	iyoqhumbuza	ayiyuqhumbuza	engeyuqhumbuza	ingeyuqhumbuza
Class 5	liyoqhumbuza	eliyoqhumbuza	liyoqhumbuza	aliyuqhumbuza	elingeyuqhumbuza	lingeyuqhumbuza
Class 6	ayoqhumbuza	ayoqhumbuza	eyoqhumbuza	awayuqhumbuza	angeyuqhumbuza	engeyuqhumbuza
Class 7	siyoqhumbuza	esiyoqhumbuza	siyoqhumbuza	asiyuqhumbuza	esingeyuqhumbuza	singeyuqhumbuza
Class 8	ziyoqhumbuza	eziyoqhumbuza	ziyoqhumbuza	aziyuqhumbuza	ezingeyuqhumbuza	zingeyuqhumbuza
Class 9	iyoqhumbuza	eyoqhumbuza	iyoqhumbuza	ayiyuqhumbuza	engeyuqhumbuza	ingeyuqhumbuza
Class 10	ziyoqhumbuza	eziyoqhumbuza	ziyoqhumbuza	aziyuqhumbuza	ezingeyuqhumbuza	zingeyuqhumbuza
Class 11	luyoqhumbuza	oluyoqhumbuza	luyoqhumbuza	aluyuqhumbuza	olungeyuqhumbuza	lungeyuqhumbuza
Class 14	buyoqhumbuza	obuyoqhumbuza	buyoqhumbuza	abuyuqhumbuza	obungeyuqhumbuza	bungeyuqhumbuza
Class 15	kuyoqhumbuza	okuyoqhumbuza	kuyoqhumbuza	akuyuqhumbuza	okungeyuqhumbuza	kungeyuqhumbuza
Class 17	kuyoqhumbuza	okuyoqhumbuza	kuyoqhumbuza	akuyuqhumbuza	okungeyuqhumbuza	kungeyuqhumbuza
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqhumbuze	ngingaqhumbuzi
2nd singular	uqhumbuze	ungaqhumbuzi
1st plural	siqhumbuze	singaqhumbuzi
2nd plural	niqhumbuze	ningaqhumbuzi
Class 1	aqhumbuze	angaqhumbuzi
Class 2	baqhumbuze	bangaqhumbuzi
Class 3	uqhumbuze	ungaqhumbuzi
Class 4	iqhumbuze	ingaqhumbuzi
Class 5	liqhumbuze	lingaqhumbuzi
Class 6	aqhumbuze	angaqhumbuzi
Class 7	siqhumbuze	singaqhumbuzi
Class 8	ziqhumbuze	zingaqhumbuzi
Class 9	iqhumbuze	ingaqhumbuzi
Class 10	ziqhumbuze	zingaqhumbuzi
Class 11	luqhumbuze	lungaqhumbuzi
Class 14	buqhumbuze	bungaqhumbuzi
Class 15	kuqhumbuze	kungaqhumbuzi
Class 17	kuqhumbuze	kungaqhumbuzi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqhumbuza	ngangaqhumbuza, angaqhumbuza, angangaqhumbuza
2nd singular	waqhumbuza	wangaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza
1st plural	saqhumbuza	sangaqhumbuza, asaqhumbuza, asangaqhumbuza
2nd plural	naqhumbuza	nangaqhumbuza, anaqhumbuza, anangaqhumbuza
Class 1	waqhumbuza	wangaqhumbuza, akaqhumbuza, akangaqhumbuza
Class 2	baqhumbuza	bangaqhumbuza, abaqhumbuza, abangaqhumbuza
Class 3	waqhumbuza	wangaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza
Class 4	yaqhumbuza	yangaqhumbuza, ayaqhumbuza, ayangaqhumbuza
Class 5	laqhumbuza	langaqhumbuza, alaqhumbuza, alangaqhumbuza
Class 6	aqhumbuza	angaqhumbuza, awaqhumbuza, awangaqhumbuza
Class 7	saqhumbuza	sangaqhumbuza, asaqhumbuza, asangaqhumbuza
Class 8	zaqhumbuza	zangaqhumbuza, azaqhumbuza, azangaqhumbuza
Class 9	yaqhumbuza	yangaqhumbuza, ayaqhumbuza, ayangaqhumbuza
Class 10	zaqhumbuza	zangaqhumbuza, azaqhumbuza, azangaqhumbuza
Class 11	lwaqhumbuza	lwangaqhumbuza, alwaqhumbuza, alwangaqhumbuza
Class 14	baqhumbuza	bangaqhumbuza, abaqhumbuza, abangaqhumbuza
Class 15	kwaqhumbuza	kwangaqhumbuza, akwaqhumbuza, akwangaqhumbuza
Class 17	kwaqhumbuza	kwangaqhumbuza, akwaqhumbuza, akwangaqhumbuza

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhumbuza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhumbuza (3.2.9)”