sourdre

See also: soudre, resoudre, résoudre, and resourdre

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French sourdre, from Latin surgere (“to get up, arise”). Doublet of surgir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suʁdʁ/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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Verb

sourdre

1. (formal, intransitive) to well up

Conjugation

• Almost exclusively used in the third person (singular and plural) of present and imperfect tenses.
  • sourd, sourdent
  • sourdait, sourdaient

Conjugation of sourdre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	sourdre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	sourdant /suʁ.dɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		sourdu /suʁ.dy/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	sourds /suʁ/	sourds /suʁ/	sourd /suʁ/	sourdons /suʁ.dɔ̃/	sourdez /suʁ.de/	sourdent /suʁd/
	imperfect	sourdais /suʁ.dɛ/	sourdais /suʁ.dɛ/	sourdait /suʁ.dɛ/	sourdions /suʁ.djɔ̃/	sourdiez /suʁ.dje/	sourdaient /suʁ.dɛ/
	past historic2	sourdis /suʁ.di/	sourdis /suʁ.di/	sourdit /suʁ.di/	sourdîmes /suʁ.dim/	sourdîtes /suʁ.dit/	sourdirent /suʁ.diʁ/
	future	sourdrai /suʁ.dʁe/	sourdras /suʁ.dʁa/	sourdra /suʁ.dʁa/	sourdrons /suʁ.dʁɔ̃/	sourdrez /suʁ.dʁe/	sourdront /suʁ.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	sourdrais /suʁ.dʁɛ/	sourdrais /suʁ.dʁɛ/	sourdrait /suʁ.dʁɛ/	sourdrions /suʁ.dʁi.jɔ̃/	sourdriez /suʁ.dʁi.je/	sourdraient /suʁ.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	sourde /suʁd/	sourdes /suʁd/	sourde /suʁd/	sourdions /suʁ.djɔ̃/	sourdiez /suʁ.dje/	sourdent /suʁd/
	imperfect2	sourdisse /suʁ.dis/	sourdisses /suʁ.dis/	sourdît /suʁ.di/	sourdissions /suʁ.di.sjɔ̃/	sourdissiez /suʁ.di.sje/	sourdissent /suʁ.dis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	sourds /suʁ/	—	sourdons /suʁ.dɔ̃/	sourdez /suʁ.de/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “sourdre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Old French

Alternative forms

• surdre (Anglo-Norman)

Etymology

From Latin surgere, present active infinitive of surgō.

Verb

sourdre

1. to spurt; to gush (as in a liquid)
   • late 12th century, anonymous author, “La Folie de Tristan d'Oxford”, in Le Roman de Tristan, Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, page 394, line 703:

     Mult valt funteine ki ben surt

     A fountain that spurts is very valuable

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• French: sourdre
• → Middle English: sourden, sourde
  • English: sourd (obsolete)

References

• Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “sourdre”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.