tvirtas
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twirˀ-[1] from a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.[1] Cognate with Latvian tvirts[2] and Polish twardy (“solid”).[2][3] Derksen does not give a full PBS reconstruction for this term, only noting that "the Baltic and Slavic suffixes do not match."
Other cognates within Lithuanian:
- ãptvaras (“pen, enclosure”) < Proto-Indo-European *tworH-o-
- tvérti (“to seize”) < Proto-Indo-European *twerH-
- tvorà (“fence”) < Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-
- turėti (“to hold”) < Proto-Indo-European *twr̥H-h₁yé-
Pronunciation
Adjective
tvìrtas m (feminine tvirtà, neuter tvìrta) stress pattern 3 [2]
Declension
Non-pronominal forms (neįvardžiuotinės formos) of tvirtas
Pronominal forms (įvardžiuotinės formos) of tvirtas
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
(Adjectives)
(Nouns)
Related terms
- (Adverb) tvirtaĩ
(Verbs)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “turėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tvьrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 501
- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “twardy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 586
- ^ “tvirtas” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Categories:
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian adjectives
- Lithuanian adjectives with stress pattern 3