Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukuvuvukala
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuvuvukala
|
ukungavuvukali
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
vuvukala
|
-vuvukale
|
Plural
|
vuvukalani
|
-vuvukaleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyavuvukala, ngivuvukala
|
engivuvukalayo, engivuvukala
|
ngivuvukala
|
angivuvukali
|
engingavuvukali
|
ngingavuvukali
|
2nd singular
|
uyavuvukala, uvuvukala
|
ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala
|
uvuvukala
|
awuvuvukali
|
ongavuvukali
|
ungavuvukali
|
1st plural
|
siyavuvukala, sivuvukala
|
esivuvukalayo, esivuvukala
|
sivuvukala
|
asivuvukali
|
esingavuvukali
|
singavuvukali
|
2nd plural
|
niyavuvukala, nivuvukala
|
enivuvukalayo, enivuvukala
|
nivuvukala
|
anivuvukali
|
eningavuvukali
|
ningavuvukali
|
Class 1
|
uyavuvukala, uvuvukala
|
ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala
|
evuvukala
|
akavuvukali
|
ongavuvukali
|
engavuvukali
|
Class 2
|
bayavuvukala, bavuvukala
|
abavuvukalayo, abavuvukala
|
bevuvukala
|
abavuvukali
|
abangavuvukali
|
bengavuvukali
|
Class 3
|
uyavuvukala, uvuvukala
|
ovuvukalayo, ovuvukala
|
uvuvukala
|
awuvuvukali
|
ongavuvukali
|
ungavuvukali
|
Class 4
|
iyavuvukala, ivuvukala
|
evuvukalayo, evuvukala
|
ivuvukala
|
ayivuvukali
|
engavuvukali
|
ingavuvukali
|
Class 5
|
liyavuvukala, livuvukala
|
elivuvukalayo, elivuvukala
|
livuvukala
|
alivuvukali
|
elingavuvukali
|
lingavuvukali
|
Class 6
|
ayavuvukala, avuvukala
|
avuvukalayo, avuvukala
|
evuvukala
|
awavuvukali
|
angavuvukali
|
engavuvukali
|
Class 7
|
siyavuvukala, sivuvukala
|
esivuvukalayo, esivuvukala
|
sivuvukala
|
asivuvukali
|
esingavuvukali
|
singavuvukali
|
Class 8
|
ziyavuvukala, zivuvukala
|
ezivuvukalayo, ezivuvukala
|
zivuvukala
|
azivuvukali
|
ezingavuvukali
|
zingavuvukali
|
Class 9
|
iyavuvukala, ivuvukala
|
evuvukalayo, evuvukala
|
ivuvukala
|
ayivuvukali
|
engavuvukali
|
ingavuvukali
|
Class 10
|
ziyavuvukala, zivuvukala
|
ezivuvukalayo, ezivuvukala
|
zivuvukala
|
azivuvukali
|
ezingavuvukali
|
zingavuvukali
|
Class 11
|
luyavuvukala, luvuvukala
|
oluvuvukalayo, oluvuvukala
|
luvuvukala
|
aluvuvukali
|
olungavuvukali
|
lungavuvukali
|
Class 14
|
buyavuvukala, buvuvukala
|
obuvuvukalayo, obuvuvukala
|
buvuvukala
|
abuvuvukali
|
obungavuvukali
|
bungavuvukali
|
Class 15
|
kuyavuvukala, kuvuvukala
|
okuvuvukalayo, okuvuvukala
|
kuvuvukala
|
akuvuvukali
|
okungavuvukali
|
kungavuvukali
|
Class 17
|
kuyavuvukala, kuvuvukala
|
okuvuvukalayo, okuvuvukala
|
kuvuvukala
|
akuvuvukali
|
okungavuvukali
|
kungavuvukali
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngivuvukalile, ngivuvukalē
|
engivuvukalile, engivuvukalē
|
ngivuvukalile, ngivuvukalē
|
angivuvukalanga
|
engingavuvukalanga
|
ngingavuvukalanga
|
2nd singular
|
uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē
|
ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē
|
uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē
|
awuvuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
ungavuvukalanga
|
1st plural
|
sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē
|
esivuvukalile, esivuvukalē
|
sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē
|
asivuvukalanga
|
esingavuvukalanga
|
singavuvukalanga
|
2nd plural
|
nivuvukalile, nivuvukalē
|
enivuvukalile, enivuvukalē
|
nivuvukalile, nivuvukalē
|
anivuvukalanga
|
eningavuvukalanga
|
ningavuvukalanga
|
Class 1
|
uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē
|
ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē
|
evuvukalile, evuvukalē
|
akavuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
Class 2
|
bavuvukalile, bavuvukalē
|
abavuvukalile, abavuvukalē
|
bevuvukalile, bevuvukalē
|
abavuvukalanga
|
abangavuvukalanga
|
bengavuvukalanga
|
Class 3
|
uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē
|
ovuvukalile, ovuvukalē
|
uvuvukalile, uvuvukalē
|
awuvuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
ungavuvukalanga
|
Class 4
|
ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē
|
evuvukalile, evuvukalē
|
ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē
|
ayivuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
ingavuvukalanga
|
Class 5
|
livuvukalile, livuvukalē
|
elivuvukalile, elivuvukalē
|
livuvukalile, livuvukalē
|
alivuvukalanga
|
elingavuvukalanga
|
lingavuvukalanga
|
Class 6
|
avuvukalile, avuvukalē
|
avuvukalile, avuvukalē
|
evuvukalile, evuvukalē
|
awavuvukalanga
|
angavuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
Class 7
|
sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē
|
esivuvukalile, esivuvukalē
|
sivuvukalile, sivuvukalē
|
asivuvukalanga
|
esingavuvukalanga
|
singavuvukalanga
|
Class 8
|
zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē
|
ezivuvukalile, ezivuvukalē
|
zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē
|
azivuvukalanga
|
ezingavuvukalanga
|
zingavuvukalanga
|
Class 9
|
ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē
|
evuvukalile, evuvukalē
|
ivuvukalile, ivuvukalē
|
ayivuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
ingavuvukalanga
|
Class 10
|
zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē
|
ezivuvukalile, ezivuvukalē
|
zivuvukalile, zivuvukalē
|
azivuvukalanga
|
ezingavuvukalanga
|
zingavuvukalanga
|
Class 11
|
luvuvukalile, luvuvukalē
|
oluvuvukalile, oluvuvukalē
|
luvuvukalile, luvuvukalē
|
aluvuvukalanga
|
olungavuvukalanga
|
lungavuvukalanga
|
Class 14
|
buvuvukalile, buvuvukalē
|
obuvuvukalile, obuvuvukalē
|
buvuvukalile, buvuvukalē
|
abuvuvukalanga
|
obungavuvukalanga
|
bungavuvukalanga
|
Class 15
|
kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē
|
okuvuvukalile, okuvuvukalē
|
kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē
|
akuvuvukalanga
|
okungavuvukalanga
|
kungavuvukalanga
|
Class 17
|
kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē
|
okuvuvukalile, okuvuvukalē
|
kuvuvukalile, kuvuvukalē
|
akuvuvukalanga
|
okungavuvukalanga
|
kungavuvukalanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāvuvukala
|
engāvuvukala
|
ngāvuvukala
|
angivuvukalanga
|
engingavuvukalanga
|
ngingavuvukalanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāvuvukala
|
owāvuvukala
|
wāvuvukala
|
awuvuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
ungavuvukalanga
|
1st plural
|
sāvuvukala
|
esāvuvukala
|
sāvuvukala
|
asivuvukalanga
|
esingavuvukalanga
|
singavuvukalanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāvuvukala
|
enāvuvukala
|
nāvuvukala
|
anivuvukalanga
|
eningavuvukalanga
|
ningavuvukalanga
|
Class 1
|
wāvuvukala
|
owāvuvukala
|
āvuvukala
|
akavuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
Class 2
|
bāvuvukala
|
abāvuvukala
|
bāvuvukala
|
abavuvukalanga
|
abangavuvukalanga
|
bengavuvukalanga
|
Class 3
|
wāvuvukala
|
owāvuvukala
|
wāvuvukala
|
awuvuvukalanga
|
ongavuvukalanga
|
ungavuvukalanga
|
Class 4
|
yāvuvukala
|
eyāvuvukala
|
yāvuvukala
|
ayivuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
ingavuvukalanga
|
Class 5
|
lāvuvukala
|
elāvuvukala
|
lāvuvukala
|
alivuvukalanga
|
elingavuvukalanga
|
lingavuvukalanga
|
Class 6
|
āvuvukala
|
āvuvukala
|
āvuvukala
|
awavuvukalanga
|
angavuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
Class 7
|
sāvuvukala
|
esāvuvukala
|
sāvuvukala
|
asivuvukalanga
|
esingavuvukalanga
|
singavuvukalanga
|
Class 8
|
zāvuvukala
|
ezāvuvukala
|
zāvuvukala
|
azivuvukalanga
|
ezingavuvukalanga
|
zingavuvukalanga
|
Class 9
|
yāvuvukala
|
eyāvuvukala
|
yāvuvukala
|
ayivuvukalanga
|
engavuvukalanga
|
ingavuvukalanga
|
Class 10
|
zāvuvukala
|
ezāvuvukala
|
zāvuvukala
|
azivuvukalanga
|
ezingavuvukalanga
|
zingavuvukalanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāvuvukala
|
olwāvuvukala
|
lwāvuvukala
|
aluvuvukalanga
|
olungavuvukalanga
|
lungavuvukalanga
|
Class 14
|
bāvuvukala
|
obāvuvukala
|
bāvuvukala
|
abuvuvukalanga
|
obungavuvukalanga
|
bungavuvukalanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāvuvukala
|
okwāvuvukala
|
kwāvuvukala
|
akuvuvukalanga
|
okungavuvukalanga
|
kungavuvukalanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāvuvukala
|
okwāvuvukala
|
kwāvuvukala
|
akuvuvukalanga
|
okungavuvukalanga
|
kungavuvukalanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingavuvukala
|
—
|
ngingavuvukala
|
ngingevuvukale
|
—
|
ngingevuvukale
|
2nd singular
|
ungavuvukala
|
—
|
ungavuvukala
|
ungevuvukale
|
—
|
ungevuvukale
|
1st plural
|
singavuvukala
|
—
|
singavuvukala
|
singevuvukale
|
—
|
singevuvukale
|
2nd plural
|
ningavuvukala
|
—
|
ningavuvukala
|
ningevuvukale
|
—
|
ningevuvukale
|
Class 1
|
angavuvukala
|
—
|
engavuvukala
|
angevuvukale
|
—
|
engevuvukale
|
Class 2
|
bangavuvukala
|
—
|
bengavuvukala
|
bangevuvukale
|
—
|
bengevuvukale
|
Class 3
|
ungavuvukala
|
—
|
ungavuvukala
|
ungevuvukale
|
—
|
ungevuvukale
|
Class 4
|
ingavuvukala
|
—
|
ingavuvukala
|
ingevuvukale
|
—
|
ingevuvukale
|
Class 5
|
lingavuvukala
|
—
|
lingavuvukala
|
lingevuvukale
|
—
|
lingevuvukale
|
Class 6
|
angavuvukala
|
—
|
engavuvukala
|
angevuvukale
|
—
|
engevuvukale
|
Class 7
|
singavuvukala
|
—
|
singavuvukala
|
singevuvukale
|
—
|
singevuvukale
|
Class 8
|
zingavuvukala
|
—
|
zingavuvukala
|
zingevuvukale
|
—
|
zingevuvukale
|
Class 9
|
ingavuvukala
|
—
|
ingavuvukala
|
ingevuvukale
|
—
|
ingevuvukale
|
Class 10
|
zingavuvukala
|
—
|
zingavuvukala
|
zingevuvukale
|
—
|
zingevuvukale
|
Class 11
|
lungavuvukala
|
—
|
lungavuvukala
|
lungevuvukale
|
—
|
lungevuvukale
|
Class 14
|
bungavuvukala
|
—
|
bungavuvukala
|
bungevuvukale
|
—
|
bungevuvukale
|
Class 15
|
kungavuvukala
|
—
|
kungavuvukala
|
kungevuvukale
|
—
|
kungevuvukale
|
Class 17
|
kungavuvukala
|
—
|
kungavuvukala
|
kungevuvukale
|
—
|
kungevuvukale
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizovuvukala
|
engizovuvukala
|
ngizovuvukala
|
angizuvuvukala
|
engingezuvuvukala
|
ngingezuvuvukala
|
2nd singular
|
uzovuvukala
|
ozovuvukala
|
uzovuvukala
|
awuzuvuvukala
|
ongezuvuvukala
|
ungezuvuvukala
|
1st plural
|
sizovuvukala
|
esizovuvukala
|
sizovuvukala
|
asizuvuvukala
|
esingezuvuvukala
|
singezuvuvukala
|
2nd plural
|
nizovuvukala
|
enizovuvukala
|
nizovuvukala
|
anizuvuvukala
|
eningezuvuvukala
|
ningezuvuvukala
|
Class 1
|
uzovuvukala
|
ozovuvukala
|
ezovuvukala
|
akazuvuvukala
|
ongezuvuvukala
|
engezuvuvukala
|
Class 2
|
bazovuvukala
|
abazovuvukala
|
bezovuvukala
|
abazuvuvukala
|
abangezuvuvukala
|
bengezuvuvukala
|
Class 3
|
uzovuvukala
|
ozovuvukala
|
uzovuvukala
|
awuzuvuvukala
|
ongezuvuvukala
|
ungezuvuvukala
|
Class 4
|
izovuvukala
|
ezovuvukala
|
izovuvukala
|
ayizuvuvukala
|
engezuvuvukala
|
ingezuvuvukala
|
Class 5
|
lizovuvukala
|
elizovuvukala
|
lizovuvukala
|
alizuvuvukala
|
elingezuvuvukala
|
lingezuvuvukala
|
Class 6
|
azovuvukala
|
azovuvukala
|
ezovuvukala
|
awazuvuvukala
|
angezuvuvukala
|
engezuvuvukala
|
Class 7
|
sizovuvukala
|
esizovuvukala
|
sizovuvukala
|
asizuvuvukala
|
esingezuvuvukala
|
singezuvuvukala
|
Class 8
|
zizovuvukala
|
ezizovuvukala
|
zizovuvukala
|
azizuvuvukala
|
ezingezuvuvukala
|
zingezuvuvukala
|
Class 9
|
izovuvukala
|
ezovuvukala
|
izovuvukala
|
ayizuvuvukala
|
engezuvuvukala
|
ingezuvuvukala
|
Class 10
|
zizovuvukala
|
ezizovuvukala
|
zizovuvukala
|
azizuvuvukala
|
ezingezuvuvukala
|
zingezuvuvukala
|
Class 11
|
luzovuvukala
|
oluzovuvukala
|
luzovuvukala
|
aluzuvuvukala
|
olungezuvuvukala
|
lungezuvuvukala
|
Class 14
|
buzovuvukala
|
obuzovuvukala
|
buzovuvukala
|
abuzuvuvukala
|
obungezuvuvukala
|
bungezuvuvukala
|
Class 15
|
kuzovuvukala
|
okuzovuvukala
|
kuzovuvukala
|
akuzuvuvukala
|
okungezuvuvukala
|
kungezuvuvukala
|
Class 17
|
kuzovuvukala
|
okuzovuvukala
|
kuzovuvukala
|
akuzuvuvukala
|
okungezuvuvukala
|
kungezuvuvukala
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyovuvukala
|
engiyovuvukala
|
ngiyovuvukala
|
angiyuvuvukala
|
engingeyuvuvukala
|
ngingeyuvuvukala
|
2nd singular
|
uyovuvukala
|
oyovuvukala
|
uyovuvukala
|
awuyuvuvukala
|
ongeyuvuvukala
|
ungeyuvuvukala
|
1st plural
|
siyovuvukala
|
esiyovuvukala
|
siyovuvukala
|
asiyuvuvukala
|
esingeyuvuvukala
|
singeyuvuvukala
|
2nd plural
|
niyovuvukala
|
eniyovuvukala
|
niyovuvukala
|
aniyuvuvukala
|
eningeyuvuvukala
|
ningeyuvuvukala
|
Class 1
|
uyovuvukala
|
oyovuvukala
|
eyovuvukala
|
akayuvuvukala
|
ongeyuvuvukala
|
engeyuvuvukala
|
Class 2
|
bayovuvukala
|
abayovuvukala
|
beyovuvukala
|
abayuvuvukala
|
abangeyuvuvukala
|
bengeyuvuvukala
|
Class 3
|
uyovuvukala
|
oyovuvukala
|
uyovuvukala
|
awuyuvuvukala
|
ongeyuvuvukala
|
ungeyuvuvukala
|
Class 4
|
iyovuvukala
|
eyovuvukala
|
iyovuvukala
|
ayiyuvuvukala
|
engeyuvuvukala
|
ingeyuvuvukala
|
Class 5
|
liyovuvukala
|
eliyovuvukala
|
liyovuvukala
|
aliyuvuvukala
|
elingeyuvuvukala
|
lingeyuvuvukala
|
Class 6
|
ayovuvukala
|
ayovuvukala
|
eyovuvukala
|
awayuvuvukala
|
angeyuvuvukala
|
engeyuvuvukala
|
Class 7
|
siyovuvukala
|
esiyovuvukala
|
siyovuvukala
|
asiyuvuvukala
|
esingeyuvuvukala
|
singeyuvuvukala
|
Class 8
|
ziyovuvukala
|
eziyovuvukala
|
ziyovuvukala
|
aziyuvuvukala
|
ezingeyuvuvukala
|
zingeyuvuvukala
|
Class 9
|
iyovuvukala
|
eyovuvukala
|
iyovuvukala
|
ayiyuvuvukala
|
engeyuvuvukala
|
ingeyuvuvukala
|
Class 10
|
ziyovuvukala
|
eziyovuvukala
|
ziyovuvukala
|
aziyuvuvukala
|
ezingeyuvuvukala
|
zingeyuvuvukala
|
Class 11
|
luyovuvukala
|
oluyovuvukala
|
luyovuvukala
|
aluyuvuvukala
|
olungeyuvuvukala
|
lungeyuvuvukala
|
Class 14
|
buyovuvukala
|
obuyovuvukala
|
buyovuvukala
|
abuyuvuvukala
|
obungeyuvuvukala
|
bungeyuvuvukala
|
Class 15
|
kuyovuvukala
|
okuyovuvukala
|
kuyovuvukala
|
akuyuvuvukala
|
okungeyuvuvukala
|
kungeyuvuvukala
|
Class 17
|
kuyovuvukala
|
okuyovuvukala
|
kuyovuvukala
|
akuyuvuvukala
|
okungeyuvuvukala
|
kungeyuvuvukala
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngivuvukale
|
ngingavuvukali
|
2nd singular
|
uvuvukale
|
ungavuvukali
|
1st plural
|
sivuvukale
|
singavuvukali
|
2nd plural
|
nivuvukale
|
ningavuvukali
|
Class 1
|
avuvukale
|
angavuvukali
|
Class 2
|
bavuvukale
|
bangavuvukali
|
Class 3
|
uvuvukale
|
ungavuvukali
|
Class 4
|
ivuvukale
|
ingavuvukali
|
Class 5
|
livuvukale
|
lingavuvukali
|
Class 6
|
avuvukale
|
angavuvukali
|
Class 7
|
sivuvukale
|
singavuvukali
|
Class 8
|
zivuvukale
|
zingavuvukali
|
Class 9
|
ivuvukale
|
ingavuvukali
|
Class 10
|
zivuvukale
|
zingavuvukali
|
Class 11
|
luvuvukale
|
lungavuvukali
|
Class 14
|
buvuvukale
|
bungavuvukali
|
Class 15
|
kuvuvukale
|
kungavuvukali
|
Class 17
|
kuvuvukale
|
kungavuvukali
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngavuvukala
|
ngangavuvukala, angavuvukala, angangavuvukala
|
2nd singular
|
wavuvukala
|
wangavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala
|
1st plural
|
savuvukala
|
sangavuvukala, asavuvukala, asangavuvukala
|
2nd plural
|
navuvukala
|
nangavuvukala, anavuvukala, anangavuvukala
|
Class 1
|
wavuvukala
|
wangavuvukala, akavuvukala, akangavuvukala
|
Class 2
|
bavuvukala
|
bangavuvukala, abavuvukala, abangavuvukala
|
Class 3
|
wavuvukala
|
wangavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala
|
Class 4
|
yavuvukala
|
yangavuvukala, ayavuvukala, ayangavuvukala
|
Class 5
|
lavuvukala
|
langavuvukala, alavuvukala, alangavuvukala
|
Class 6
|
avuvukala
|
angavuvukala, awavuvukala, awangavuvukala
|
Class 7
|
savuvukala
|
sangavuvukala, asavuvukala, asangavuvukala
|
Class 8
|
zavuvukala
|
zangavuvukala, azavuvukala, azangavuvukala
|
Class 9
|
yavuvukala
|
yangavuvukala, ayavuvukala, ayangavuvukala
|
Class 10
|
zavuvukala
|
zangavuvukala, azavuvukala, azangavuvukala
|
Class 11
|
lwavuvukala
|
lwangavuvukala, alwavuvukala, alwangavuvukala
|
Class 14
|
bavuvukala
|
bangavuvukala, abavuvukala, abangavuvukala
|
Class 15
|
kwavuvukala
|
kwangavuvukala, akwavuvukala, akwangavuvukala
|
Class 17
|
kwavuvukala
|
kwangavuvukala, akwavuvukala, akwangavuvukala
|