znf

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʒin- with an uncertain suffix -f, according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction. If so, perhaps cognate with West Chadic *ʒin- (“blood”), whence Hausa jini.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛnɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization: zenef

For the noun:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ziˈnaf/ → /siˈnaf/ → /səˈnaf/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ziˈnaf/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /siˈnaf/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈnaf/

Noun

 m

1. blood

Inflection

Declension of znf (masculine)

singular	znf
dual	znfwj
plural	znfw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of znf  

znf	znf	znfw

Descendants

• Demotic: snf
  • Coptic: ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof) — Sahidic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, ⲥⲛⲁϥ (snaf) — Akhmimic, Fayyumic

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to bleed

Inflection

Conjugation of znf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: znf, geminated stem: znff

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
znf	znfw, znf	znft	znf	znf

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
znf	ḥr znf	m znf	r znf

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	znf.n	consecutive	znf.jn
terminative	znft
perfective3	znf	obligative1	znf.ḫr
imperfective	znf
prospective3	znf	potentialis1	znf.kꜣ
subjunctive	znf

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	znf.n	—	—
perfective	znf	znf	znf, znfw5, znfy5
imperfective	znf, znfy, znfw5	znf, znfj6, znfy6	znf, znfw5
prospective	znf, znftj7	znftj4, znft4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of znf  

znf

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 459.2–459.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 232