ἀλλήλων

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾰ̓λλᾱ́λων (allā́lōn) — Aeolic, Doric

Etymology

From phrases such as ἄλλος ἄλλον (állos állon), ἄλλοι ἄλλους (álloi állous, “one another”), with loss of λ either by dissimilation or by the lengthening of α, as well as restoration of the second initial vowel ή (ḗ) (< *h₂élyos (“other”)). For similar formations, compare Latin alius alium, Sanskrit अन्योन्य (anyonya, “one another, mutual”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /al.lɛ̌ː.lɔːn/ → /alˈli.lon/ → /aˈli.lon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /al.lɛ̌ː.lɔːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /alˈle̝.lon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /alˈli.lon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /alˈli.lon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈli.lon/

Pronoun

ἀλλήλων • (allḗlōn)

1. referring back to a plural subject, and expressing an action done in two directions: of one another, to one another, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.62–63:

     ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦθ' ὑποείξομεν ἀλλήλοισι, / σοὶ μὲν ἐγώ, σὺ δ’ ἐμοί·

     all' ḗtoi mèn taûth' hupoeíxomen allḗloisi, / soì mèn egṓ, sù d’ emoí;

     Anyway, let's yield herein to one another, / I to you, and you to me.

   • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 189
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.223
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.70
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.4.23
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 264B
   • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 472C
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 57B.18
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 59A.32
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 953B.32
   • 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 9.89

Declension

First and second declension of —; —; — (Attic)

Number		Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		—	—	—		—	—	—
Genitive		ἀλλήλοιν allḗloin	ἀλλήλαιν allḗlain	ἀλλήλοιν allḗloin		ἀλλήλων allḗlōn	ἀλλήλων allḗlōn	ἀλλήλων allḗlōn
Dative		ἀλλήλοιν allḗloin	ἀλλήλαιν allḗlain	ἀλλήλοιν allḗloin		ἀλλήλοις allḗlois	ἀλλήλαις allḗlais	ἀλλήλοις allḗlois
Accusative		ἀλλήλω allḗlō	ἀλλήλᾱ allḗlā	ἀλλήλω allḗlō		ἀλλήλους allḗlous	ἀλλήλᾱς allḗlās	ἄλληλα állēla
Vocative		—	—	—		—	—	—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. The nominative and vocative cases do not occur.

First and second declension of —; —; — (Epic)

Number		Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		—	—	—		—	—	—
Genitive		ἀλλήλοιῐν allḗloiin	ἀλλήλαιν / ἀλλήλαιῐν / ἀλλήλῃῐν allḗlai(i)n / allḗlēiin	ἀλλήλοιῐν allḗloiin		ἀλλήλων allḗlōn	ἀλληλᾱ́ων / ἀλληλέ͜ων / ἀλληλῶν allēlā́ōn / allēlé͜ōn / allēlôn	ἀλλήλων allḗlōn
Dative		ἀλλήλοιῐν allḗloiin	ἀλλήλαιν / ἀλλήλαιῐν / ἀλλήλῃῐν allḗlai(i)n / allḗlēiin	ἀλλήλοιῐν allḗloiin		ἀλλήλοισῐ / ἀλλήλοισῐν / ἀλλήλοις allḗloisi(n) / allḗlois	ἀλλήλῃσῐ / ἀλλήλῃσῐν / ἀλλήλῃς / ἀλλήλαις allḗlēisi(n) / allḗlēis / allḗlais	ἀλλήλοισῐ / ἀλλήλοισῐν / ἀλλήλοις allḗloisi(n) / allḗlois
Accusative		ἀλλήλω allḗlō	ἀλλήλᾱ allḗlā	ἀλλήλω allḗlō		ἀλλήλους allḗlous	ἀλλήλᾱς allḗlās	ἄλληλα állēla
Vocative		—	—	—		—	—	—
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. The nominative and vocative cases do not occur.

Further reading

• “ἀλλήλων”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀλλήλων”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀλλήλων”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀλλήλων in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀλλήλων in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀλλήλων in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G240 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN