ἥμερος
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of unclear origin; not related to ἡμέρᾱ (hēmérā, “day”). Some proposed theories:[1]
- Related to Sanskrit यम् (yam, “to restrain, tame, subdue”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to restrain, seize”).
- Related to Proto-West Germanic *samft(ī) (“soft, gentle”) and Sanskrit सान्त्व (sāntva, “gentleness, consolation”), and thus from Proto-Indo-European *sóm-tu-s, itself a derivative of *sem- (“one, together”).
- Related to Proto-Germanic *jēmaraz (“sad, sorrowful, miserable”), which is generally thought to be of the same origin as यम् (yam) above.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hɛ̌ː.me.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.me.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.me.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.me.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.me.ros/
Adjective
[edit]ἥμερος • (hḗmeros) m or f (neuter ἥμερον); second declension or
ἥμερος • (hḗmeros) m (feminine ἡμέρᾱ, neuter ἥμερον); first/second declension
Inflection
[edit]As a two-ending adjective:
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | ἥμερος hḗmeros |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἥμεροι hḗmeroi |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | ||||||||
Genitive | ἡμέρου hēmérou |
ἡμέρου hēmérou |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέρων hēmérōn |
ἡμέρων hēmérōn | ||||||||
Dative | ἡμέρῳ hēmérōi |
ἡμέρῳ hēmérōi |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέροις hēmérois |
ἡμέροις hēmérois | ||||||||
Accusative | ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρους hēmérous |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | ||||||||
Vocative | ἥμερε hḗmere |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἥμεροι hḗmeroi |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἡμέρως hēmérōs |
ἡμερώτερος hēmerṓteros |
ἡμερώτᾰτος hēmerṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
As a three-ending adjective:
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἥμερος hḗmeros |
ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἥμεροι hḗmeroi |
ἥμεραι hḗmerai |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | |||||
Genitive | ἡμέρου hēmérou |
ἡμέρᾱς hēmérās |
ἡμέρου hēmérou |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέραιν hēmérain |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέρων hēmérōn |
ἡμέρων hēmérōn |
ἡμέρων hēmérōn | |||||
Dative | ἡμέρῳ hēmérōi |
ἡμέρᾳ hēmérāi |
ἡμέρῳ hēmérōi |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέραιν hēmérain |
ἡμέροιν hēméroin |
ἡμέροις hēmérois |
ἡμέραις hēmérais |
ἡμέροις hēmérois | |||||
Accusative | ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρᾱν hēmérān |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρους hēmérous |
ἡμέρᾱς hēmérās |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | |||||
Vocative | ἥμερε hḗmere |
ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā |
ἥμερον hḗmeron |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἡμέρᾱ hēmérā |
ἡμέρω hēmérō |
ἥμεροι hḗmeroi |
ἥμεραι hḗmerai |
ἥμερᾰ hḗmera | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἡμέρως hēmérōs |
ἡμερώτερος hēmerṓteros |
ἡμερώτᾰτος hēmerṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀνήμερος (anḗmeros, “uncultivated, rough, wild”)
- ἡμερία (hēmería, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
- ἡμερίδης (hēmerídēs, “regarding an improved vine”)
- ἡμερίς (hēmerís, “improved vine”)
- ἡμερότης (hēmerótēs, “tameness, gentleness, cultivation”)
- ἡμερόφυλλος (hēmeróphullos, “with improved leaves; improved”)
- ἡμερόω (hēmeróō, “to tame, cultivate, improve”)
- ἡμέρωμα (hēmérōma, “cultivated plant”)
- ἡμέρωσις (hēmérōsis, “improvement, cultivation”)
- ἡμερωτής (hēmerōtḗs, “tamer”)
Descendants
[edit]- Greek: ήμερος (ímeros)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἥμερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 519
Further reading
[edit]- “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἥμερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἥμερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἥμερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἥμερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἥμερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3022 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “ἥμερος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011