крат

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic кратъ (kratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kortъ. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian -кра̄т (e.g. два́кра̄т (“twice”)), Slovene kràt (gen. kráta), Czech -krát (e.g. dvakrát (“twice”)), Slovak krát, Polish -kroć (e.g. dwakroć (“twice”)), Upper Sorbian -kroć, Lower Sorbian -krot. More distantly cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartaĩ), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”), Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakər^ət̰, “once”). Vasmer suggests that these terms are cognate with Lithuanian kir̃sti (“to chop”) (1sg. kertù), and notes the parallelism with Russian раз (raz) and ре́зать (rézatʹ, “to cut”), and Lithuanian sỹkis (“time, occurrence”) and Russian секу́ (sekú, “I cut, I chop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [krat]

Noun

крат • (krat) m inan (genitive кра́та, nominative plural кра́ты, genitive plural крат)

1. (dated) time, occurrence, -fold

   Synonym: (the normal term) раз (raz)

Usage notes

• Although the base term itself is now dated, it is still found in the expression во́ сто кра́т (vó sto krát, “a hundred times”) and in compounds such as многокра́тный (mnogokrátnyj, “multifold, multiple, manifold”), однокра́тный (odnokrátnyj, “single”), стокра́т (stokrát, “many times”, literary), etc.

Declension

Declension of крат (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	кра́т krát	кра́ты kráty
genitive	кра́та kráta	кра́т△ krát△
dative	кра́ту krátu	кра́там krátam
accusative	кра́т krát	кра́ты kráty
instrumental	кра́том krátom	кра́тами krátami
prepositional	кра́те kráte	кра́тах krátax

^△ Irregular.

Derived terms

• кра́тный (krátnyj), кра́тное (krátnoje)
• многокра́тный (mnogokrátnyj)
• однокра́тный (odnokrátnyj)
• стокра́т (stokrát)