Wiktionary:Russian transliteration
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This Wiktionary-specific transliteration system is based on the conventional system of transliteration for linguistics, with modifications, and exceptions to reflect Russian pronunciation instead of Cyrillic spelling.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | archaic (pre-1918) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ё | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ы | Ь | Э | Ю | Я | I | Ѳ | Ѣ | Ѵ |
| а | б | в | г | д | е | ё | ж | з | и | й | к | л | м | н | о | п | р | с | т | у | ф | х | ц | ч | ш | щ | ъ | ы | ь | э | ю | я | і | ѳ | ѣ | ѵ |
| A a | B b | V v | G g, H h, X x, V v1 | D d | E e, Je je, ɛ2 | Jó jó, ó3 | Ž ž | Z z | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | F f | X x | C c | Č č, Š š4 | Š š | Šč šč | ʺ | Y y | ʹ | E e | Ju ju, u5 | Ja ja | I i | F f | Ě ě | I i |
Table notes:
- The letter “г” is transliterated as h when it is pronounced /ɦ/, as x when it is pronounced /x/, and as v in genitive/accusative masculine/neuter endings (e.g., “-ого” = -ovo, and “-его” = -(j)evo, pronounced /ovo/ like “-ово” and /(j)evo/ like “-ево”, respectively). E.g., “бог” is boh, “ого” (interjection) is ohó or ogó, “кого” is kovó and “сегодня” is sevódnja.
- The letter “е” is transliterated as e after consonants, as je at the beginning of a word, or following a vowel or “ъ” or “ь”, and as ɛ in loanwords where the preceding consonant is not palatalised.
- The letter “ё” is transliterated as ó following the consonants “ж”, “ч”, “ш”, or “щ”. “ё” is transliterated as jó/ó by default as it is usually stressed, monosyllabic words, loanwords where indicating stress is not required or and rare multipart words, loanwords “ё” is NOT stressed must be transliterated as jo/o.
- The letter “ч” is transliterated as š in the few words where it is pronounced /ʃ/ like “ш” (e.g., “что” is što).
- The letter “ю” is transliterated as u in the combinations “жю” and “шю”. For example, “жюри” = žurí, “брошюра” = brošúra where “ю” doesn't produce the usual pronunciation.
Exceptions [edit]
No more exceptions if the pronunciation is expected and can be learned from the basics of Russian phonology, specifically:
- The reduction of vowels and voicing/devoicing of consonants are not reflected in the transliteration.
- Verb endings “-тся” and “-ться” are transliterated as -tsja and -tʹsja, not -cca, -tsa, etc.
- Silent consonants in consonant clusters are transliterated, e.g., “честный” is čéstnyj, not čésnyj.
- Sibilants changing pronunciation are transliterated letter by letter as per the table, e.g., “счастье” is sčástʹje, not ščástʹje.
- Combinations “жи”, “ши”, and “ци” are transliterated as ži, ši and ci, not žy, šy and cy.
Syllabic stress [edit]
Syllabic stress is indicated by an acute accent over the stressed vowel:
- Roman: Á, á, É, é, ɛ́, Í, í, Ó, ó, Ú, ú and Ý, ý (já, jé, jó, jú, etc.).
- Cyrillic: “а́”, “е́”, “и́”, “о́”, “у́”, “ы́”, “э́”, “ю́”, “я́”.
E.g., “ры́ба” (rýba, “fish”).
- The vowel “ё” is normally stressed in native Russian words, but occasionally it may be necessary to show the stress for this letter: “ё́”.
