сапог

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic сапогъ (sapogŭ), with further origin unclear.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɐˈpɔk]

Noun

сапо́г • (sapóg) m

1. (historical) old-style boot or rugged shoe

Declension

Declension of сапо́г

	singular	plural
indefinite	сапо́г sapóg	сапо́зи sapózi
definite (subject form)	сапо́гът sapógǎt	сапо́зите sapózite
definite (object form)	сапо́га sapóga
count form	—	сапо́га sapóga

Coordinate terms

• бо́та (bóta), боту́ш (botúš, “boot”) (modern terms)

References

• “сапогъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Russian

Alternative forms

• сапо́гъ (sapóg) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic сапогъ (sapogŭ). Obscure etymology:

• Per Vasmer, from сопе́ть (sopétʹ) +‎ -ог (-og), compare сопе́ль (sopélʹ) 'wind instrument', 'pipe'. The modern Russian сапо́г means shoes with a high top, what explains the similarity with the pipe. This etymology encounters phonetic difficulties if we take into account сопе́ть (sopet') as a source, because Old East Slavic or Old Church Slavonic don't have the form *сопогъ.
• Per Menges, Vahros and Trubachyov, from Turkic languages, compare Proto-Turkic *sараɣ-, *sарuɣ- 'shafted shoes', modern Turkic sap 'stem'. This etymology has the same phonetic problems as Vasmer's etymology. In this case, it should be *сопагъ (compare това́р (továr) from Turkic tavar or колпа́к (kolpák) from Turkic kalpak) or *сопугъ. Semantic difficulties also arise, in Old Church Slavonic it means 'sandals', 'shoes with tops no higher than the ankles', Turkic source originally suggests high-top shoes.
• Per Lvov, from *sapati 'to tie, to bind'. According to Lvov and Semyonov, the original meaning is 'puttee, shoes, sandals', compare dialectal сап (sap) 'fetters', colloquial заса́пить (zasápitʹ) 'tie in a knot'. In this case сапо́г from сап (sap) +‎ -ог (-og).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɐˈpok]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

сапо́г • (sapóg) m inan (genitive сапога́, nominative plural сапоги́, genitive plural сапо́г, relational adjective сапо́жный)

1. boot

   боло́тные сапоги́ ― bolótnyje sapogí ― waders (high waterproof boots)

Declension

Declension of сапо́г (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-b irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	сапо́г sapóg	сапоги́ sapogí
genitive	сапога́ sapogá	сапо́г△ sapóg△
dative	сапогу́ sapogú	сапога́м sapogám
accusative	сапо́г sapóg	сапоги́ sapogí
instrumental	сапого́м sapogóm	сапога́ми sapogámi
prepositional	сапоге́ sapogé	сапога́х sapogáx

^△ Irregular.

Related terms

• сапо́жник (sapóžnik, “cobbler, shoemaker”)

Descendants

• Russenorsk: sabagof
• → Armenian: սապոգ (sapog)
• → Kildin Sami: са̄һпе (sāhp’e)
• Kurdish:

  → Northern Kurdish: sapok, sapong

• → Yup'ik: cap'akiq

See also

• башма́к (bašmák)
• боти́нок (botínok)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сапог”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress