טרף

Aramaic

Verb

טרף • (transliteration needed)

1. to strike, to knock
2. to tire, to wear out

Hebrew

Root
ט־ר־ף (ṭ-r-p)

Noun

טֶרֶף • (téref) m

1. prey
   • Tanach, Numbers 23:24, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     הֶן־עָם כְּלָבִיא יָקוּם וְכַאֲרִי יִתְנַשָּׂא לֹא יִשְׁכַּב עַד־יֹאכַל טֶרֶף וְדַם־חֲלָלִים יִשְׁתֶּה׃

     hen 'am k-laví yaqúm v-kha-arí yotnassá lo yishkáv 'ad yokhál ṭéref v-dam ḥalalím yishte

     Behold a people that riseth up as a lioness, and as a lion doth he lift himself up; he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:

     מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף

     mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref

     since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey

2. food
   • Tanach, Psalms 111:5, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו יִזְכֹּר לְעוֹלָם בְּרִיתוֹ׃

     ṭéref natán li-yre-av; yizkór l-'olam brit-ó

     He hath given food unto them that fear Him; He will ever be mindful of His covenant.

Verb

טָרַף • (taráf) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִטְרַף)

1. to murder, devour, to tear into.
   • Tanach, Genesis 37:33, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתֹנֶת בְּנִי חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף׃

     va-yakiráh va-yomér któnet bní ḥayyá ra'á akhaláthu ṭaróf ṭoráf yoséf

     And he knew it, and said: ‘It is my son’s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.’

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:

     מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף

     mi-she-rabú tsaréi 'áyin v-ṭorféi ṭéref

     since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey

2. to beat, scramble, or shuffle

Conjugation

Conjugation of טָרַף (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לטרוף / לִטְרֹף action noun: טְרִיפָה passive participle: טָרוּף
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	טָרַפְתִּי		טָרַפְנוּ
	second	טָרַפְתָּ	טָרַפְתְּ	טְרַפְתֶּם1	טְרַפְתֶּן1
	third	טָרַף	טָרְפָה	טָרְפוּ
present		טוֹרֵף	טוֹרֶפֶת	טוֹרְפִים	טוֹרְפוֹת
future	first	אטרוף / אֶטְרֹף		נטרוף / נִטְרֹף
	second	תטרוף / תִּטְרֹף	תִּטְרְפִי	תִּטְרְפוּ	תטרופנה / תִּטְרֹפְנָה2
	third	יטרוף / יִטְרֹף	תטרוף / תִּטְרֹף	יִטְרְפוּ	תטרופנה / תִּטְרֹפְנָה2
imperative		טרוף / טְרֹף	טִרְפִי	טִרְפוּ	טרופנה / טְרֹפְנָה2
notes		Pronounced טָרַפְתֶּם and טָרַפְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

References

• “טרף” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Anagrams

• טפר, פ־ט־ר