أبى

See also: آبى, آتي, أتى, أبي, أتي, آتى, آتی, آبی, آنی, انی, أنى, and آني

Arabic

Root
ء ب ي (ʔ-b-y)

Etymology

Supposedly from Proto-Semitic *ʔabay-; according to unifying theory, the meaning of wanting is the original, but came to be always used with negation, such that this is the bulk of attestation of Biblical Hebrew אָבָה (ʔāḇā), and the dialects which standard Arabic has been based on have dropped the negating particle while other dialects continue the older situation. The alternative view assumes mutilated بَغَى (baḡā, “to desire”), well-known, behind the nonstandard meanings.

Verb

أَبَى • (ʔabā) I, non-past يَأْبَى‎ (yaʔbā)

1. to reject, to refuse
2. to have an aversion for
3. (nonstandard) to will, to desire
4. (nonstandard) to demand, to ask for
5. (nonstandard) to be in lack, to be necessary

Conjugation

Conjugation of

أَبَى

(form-I final-weak, verbal nouns إِبَاء or إِبَاءَة)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						إِبَاء or إِبَاءَة ʔibāʔ or ʔibāʔa
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						آبٍ ʔābin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَأْبِيّ maʔbiyy
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَبَيْتُ ʔabaytu	أَبَيْتَ ʔabayta	أَبَى ʔabā		أَبَيْتُمَا ʔabaytumā	أَبَيَا ʔabayā		أَبَيْنَا ʔabaynā	أَبَيْتُمْ ʔabaytum	أَبَوْا ʔabaw
	f		أَبَيْتِ ʔabayti	أَبَتْ ʔabat			أَبَتَا ʔabatā			أَبَيْتُنَّ ʔabaytunna	أَبَيْنَ ʔabayna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَى taʔbā	يَأْبَى yaʔbā		تَأْبَيَانِ taʔbayāni	يَأْبَيَانِ yaʔbayāni		نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَوْنَ taʔbawna	يَأْبَوْنَ yaʔbawna
	f		تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	تَأْبَى taʔbā			تَأْبَيَانِ taʔbayāni			تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	آبَى ʔābā	تَأْبَى taʔbā	يَأْبَى yaʔbā		تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	يَأْبَيَا yaʔbayā		نَأْبَى naʔbā	تَأْبَوْا taʔbaw	يَأْبَوْا yaʔbaw
	f		تَأْبَيْ taʔbay	تَأْبَى taʔbā			تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā			تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	آبَ ʔāba	تَأْبَ taʔba	يَأْبَ yaʔba		تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā	يَأْبَيَا yaʔbayā		نَأْبَ naʔba	تَأْبَوْا taʔbaw	يَأْبَوْا yaʔbaw
	f		تَأْبَيْ taʔbay	تَأْبَ taʔba			تَأْبَيَا taʔbayā			تَأْبَيْنَ taʔbayna	يَأْبَيْنَ yaʔbayna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيبَ ība			اِيبَيَا ībayā				اِيبَوْا ībaw
	f		اِيبَيْ ībay							اِيبَيْنَ ībayna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُبِيتُ ʔubītu	أُبِيتَ ʔubīta	أُبِيَ ʔubiya		أُبِيتُمَا ʔubītumā	أُبِيَا ʔubiyā		أُبِينَا ʔubīnā	أُبِيتُمْ ʔubītum	أُبُوا ʔubū
	f		أُبِيتِ ʔubīti	أُبِيَتْ ʔubiyat			أُبِيَتَا ʔubiyatā			أُبِيتُنَّ ʔubītunna	أُبِينَ ʔubīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	يُؤْبَى yuʔbā		تُؤْبَيَانِ tuʔbayāni	يُؤْبَيَانِ yuʔbayāni		نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَوْنَ tuʔbawna	يُؤْبَوْنَ yuʔbawna
	f		تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā			تُؤْبَيَانِ tuʔbayāni			تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُوبَى ʔūbā	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā	يُؤْبَى yuʔbā		تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	يُؤْبَيَا yuʔbayā		نُؤْبَى nuʔbā	تُؤْبَوْا tuʔbaw	يُؤْبَوْا yuʔbaw
	f		تُؤْبَيْ tuʔbay	تُؤْبَى tuʔbā			تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā			تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُوبَ ʔūba	تُؤْبَ tuʔba	يُؤْبَ yuʔba		تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā	يُؤْبَيَا yuʔbayā		نُؤْبَ nuʔba	تُؤْبَوْا tuʔbaw	يُؤْبَوْا yuʔbaw
	f		تُؤْبَيْ tuʔbay	تُؤْبَ tuʔba			تُؤْبَيَا tuʔbayā			تُؤْبَيْنَ tuʔbayna	يُؤْبَيْنَ yuʔbayna

Derived terms

• أَبَى إِلَّا (ʔabā ʔillā)

References

• Landberg, Carlo, editor (1920), Glossaire daṯînois‎^[1] (in French), Leiden: Brill, page 12 seqq.
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “أبى”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 12
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[3] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 66–68
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أبى”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen