حسد

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See also: جسد, حشد, and ح ش د

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Root
ح س د (ḥ s d)
3 terms

Compare Hebrew חֶסֶד (khésed, shame).

Verb

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حَسَدَ (ḥasada) I (non-past يَحْسِدُ (yaḥsidu) or يَحْسُدُ (yaḥsudu), verbal noun حَسَد (ḥasad) or حُسُود (ḥusūd) or حَسَادَة (ḥasāda) or حَسِيدَة (ḥasīda))

  1. to envy, to be jealous of
    • Qur'an 4:54
      أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ
      ʔam yaḥsudūna an-nāsa ʕalā mā ʔātāhumu l-lahu min faḍlihi
      Or do they envy people for what Allah has graciously furnished them with?
    • Quran 113:05
      وَمِنْ شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ
      wamin šarri ḥāsidin ʔiḏā ḥasada
      And from the evil of the envious when they envy
  2. (proscribed) to curse with the evil eye through envy
    Synonyms: عَانَ (ʕāna), نَجَأَ (najaʔa)
Conjugation
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References
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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حَسَد (ḥasadm

  1. verbal noun of حَسَدَ (ḥasada) (form I)
  2. envy
  3. (proscribed) the evil eye
    Synonym: عَيْن (ʕayn)
Usage notes
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It is common to use the word similarly to the English envy, that is, without supernatural connotations. In religious and folklore-related contexts, however, the word is almost exclusively used to denote hateful and malicious thoughts and feelings that purportedly curse the envied with العَيْن (al-ʕayn, the [evil] eye) and cause them myriad afflictions. As such, it is often idiomatically combined with حِقْد (ḥiqd, ill will, malice) for their consonance and like semantic fields since حِقْد (ḥiqd) particularly highlights the hidden and dissimulated nature of the hatred and loathing of the referent. Other commonly collocated words include غِلّ (ḡill, concealed animosity and hate often with hidden injurious intent, spite, malice), غَيْظ (ḡayẓ, hateful or envious fury, bitterness, rage, resentment), بَغْضَاء (baḡḍāʔ, burning hatred, loathing, aversion, rancor, detestation, malevolence, hostility, antagonism), and ضَغِينَة (ḍaḡīna, dissembled extreme hate and malice, venom).

Declension
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Descendants
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  • Ottoman Turkish: حسد
  • Urdu: حسد

Persian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad)

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? hasaḏ
Dari reading? hasad
Iranian reading? hasad
Tajik reading? hasad

Noun

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Dari حسد
Iranian Persian
Tajik ҳасад

حسد (hasad)

  1. envy, jealousy
  2. grudge

References

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  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حسد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

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Root
ح س د
2 terms

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ħa.sad/, [ˈħa.sad]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Etymology 1

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From Arabic حَسَدَ (ḥasada).

Verb

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حسد (ḥasad) I (present بحسد (biḥsid), active participle حاسد (ḥāsed))

  1. to envy, to be envious
    Synonym: غار (ḡār)
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of حسد (ḥasad)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m حسدت (ḥasadt) حسدت (ḥasadt) حسد (ḥasad) حسدنا (ḥasadna) حسدتو (ḥasadtu) حسدو (ḥasadu)
f حسدتي (ḥasadti) حسدت (ḥasdat)
present m بحسد (baḥsid) بتحسد (btiḥsid) بحسد (biḥsid) منحسد (mniḥsid) بتحسدو (btiḥsidu) بحسدو (biḥsidu)
f بتحسدي (btiḥsidi) بتحسد (btiḥsid)
subjunctive m أحسد (ʔaḥsid) تحسد (tiḥsid) يحسد (yiḥsid) نحسد (niḥsid) تحسدو (tiḥsidu) يحسدو (yiḥsidu)
f تحسدي (tiḥsidi) تحسد (tiḥsid)
imperative m احسد (iḥsid) احسدو (iḥsidu)
f احسدي (iḥsidi)

Etymology 2

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From Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad).

Noun

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حسد (ḥasadm

  1. envy
    Synonym: غيرة (ḡēre)

Urdu

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Etymology

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From Arabic حَسَد (ḥasad).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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حَسَد (hasadm (Hindi spelling हसद)

  1. jealousy, envy, malevolence, jealous
  2. emulation, ambition

References

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  • حسد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • حسد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.