سرکار

Pashto

Noun

سرکار • (sarkar) m

1. government
2. estate, holdings
3. (Regional) a district made up of several tribes
4. chief, leader

References

• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “سرکار”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press
• “سرکار”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.

Persian

Etymology

From سر (sar, “head”) +‎ کار (kâr, “work, business”); or from سرکارگر (sarkârgar).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [saɾ.ˈkɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säɾ.kʰɑ́ːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säɾ.kʰɔ́ːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæɹ.kʰɒ́ːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.kʰɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	sarkār
Dari reading?	sarkār
Iranian reading?	sarkâr
Tajik reading?	sarkor

Noun

Dari	سرکار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	саркор

سَرْکَار • (sarkâr) (plural سرکارها (sarkâr-hâ))

1. supervisor, superintendent, overseer, employer, taskmaster
2. polite form of address for someone of authority (male)
3. (historical) sarkar

Derived terms

• سرکار خانم (sarkâr xânom)

Descendants

• → Assamese: চৰকাৰ (sorkar)
• → Bengali: সরকার (śorkar)
• → Gujarati: સરકાર (sarkār)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सरकार (sarkār)

  Urdu: سَرْکَار (sarkār)

  • → English: sarkar, sirkar, circar, sircar
• → Baluchi: سرکار (sarkār)
• → Kannada: ಸರ್ಕಾರ (sarkāra)
• → Marathi: सरकार (sarkār)
• → Nepali: सरकार (sarkār)
• → Punjabi: ਸਰਕਾਰ (sarkār)
• → Tamil: சர்க்கார் (carkkār)
• → Malayalam: സർക്കാർ (saṟkkāṟ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سركار (serkâr)
• → Swahili: serikali (via Arabic)
  • → Luhya: eserikali

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سرکار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سَرْکَار (sarkār).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /səɾ.kɑːɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɾ

Noun

سَرْکار • (sarkār) f (Hindi spelling सरकार)

1. government

   Synonym: حُکُومَت (hukūmat)

2. (figuratively) sir, mister
3. sarkar

Declension

Declension of سرکار
	singular	plural
direct	سرکار (sarkār)	سرکاریں (sarkārẽ)
oblique	سرکار (sarkār)	سرکاروں (sarkārõ)
vocative	سرکار (sarkār)	سرکارو (sarkāro)

References

• “سرکار”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “سرکار”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.