عروب

See also: غروب

Arabic

Root
ع ر ب (ʕ-r-b)

Etymology 1

Probably an Aramaic borrowing as a slang term for a kind of extratribal licentious woman, since in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic / Jewish Literary Aramaic עָרִיב (ʕārīḇ) is found as “sweet, pleasing”, and for עֲרוּבְתָּא (ʿărūḇtā, “eve; eve before Sabbath; Friday”) present in pre-Islamic Arabic عَرُوبَة (ʕarūba, “Friday”) the meaning “Venus”, dies Veneris, must be assumed, hence her name apposed to a venust woman. The related terms عَرَّبَ (ʕarraba), أَعْرَبَ (ʔaʕraba), اِسْتَعْرَبَ (istaʕraba), عِرَابَة (ʕirāba) then denote fescennine commerce as if denominal and originally argotic terms to be comprehended as “to do Venus” or at least “to do joy girl”.

Alternative forms

• عَرُوبَة (ʕarūba), عَرِبَة (ʕariba), عَرِيب (ʕarīb)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.ruːb/

Adjective

عَرُوب • (ʕarūb) (feminine plural عُرُب (ʕurub))

1. concupiscent, lustful, bold in love, lascivious
   • a. 620, ʔAws ibn Ḥajar, ودع لميس وداع الصارم اللاحي …‎^[1]:

     وَدِّع لَميسَ وَداعَ الصارِمِ اللاحي … إِذ فَنَّكَت في فَسادٍ بَعدَ إِصلاحِ
     إِذ تَستَبيكَ بِمَصقولٍ عَوارِضُهُ … حَمشِ اللِثاتِ عِذابٍ غَيرِ مِملاحِ
     وَقَد لَهَوتُ بِمِثلِ الرِئمِ آنِسَةٍ … تُصبي الحَليمَ عَروبٍ غَيرِ مِكلاحِ

     Bid farewell the soft vigorously and fulminantly … for she insisted in the loss after convalescence,
     For she snares you in a fashion as froth milk, its mouth … slender in gums, of zestless sweetness.
     ’Nough you dallied with a sleek sand gazelle’s image … heating the mellow, a gillflirt unglary.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 56:35–37:

     إِنَّا أَنْشَأْنَـٰهُنَّ إِنْشَآءً فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُنَّ أَبْكَارًا عُرُبًا أَتْرَابً

     ʔinnā ʔanšaʔnāhunna ʔinšaʔāʔan fajaʕalnāhunna ʔabkāran ʕuruban ʔatrāban

     Lo! We have created them a (new) creation [scilicet mates]
     And made them virgins,
     Lovers and equals in age.

Declension

Declension of adjective عَرُوب (ʕarūb)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	—		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عَرُوب ʕarūb	الْعَرُوب al-ʕarūb
Nominative	—	—	عَرُوبٌ ʕarūbun	الْعَرُوبُ al-ʕarūbu
Accusative	—	—	عَرُوبًا ʕarūban	الْعَرُوبَ al-ʕarūba
Genitive	—	—	عَرُوبٍ ʕarūbin	الْعَرُوبِ al-ʕarūbi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عَرُوبَيْن ʕarūbayn	الْعَرُوبَيْن al-ʕarūbayn
Nominative	—	—	عَرُوبَانِ ʕarūbāni	الْعَرُوبَانِ al-ʕarūbāni
Accusative	—	—	عَرُوبَيْنِ ʕarūbayni	الْعَرُوبَيْنِ al-ʕarūbayni
Genitive	—	—	عَرُوبَيْنِ ʕarūbayni	الْعَرُوبَيْنِ al-ʕarūbayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	—		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	—	—	عُرُب ʕurub	الْعُرُب al-ʕurub
Nominative	—	—	عُرُبٌ ʕurubun	الْعُرُبُ al-ʕurubu
Accusative	—	—	عُرُبًا ʕuruban	الْعُرُبَ al-ʕuruba
Genitive	—	—	عُرُبٍ ʕurubin	الْعُرُبِ al-ʕurubi

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕu.ruːb/

Noun

عُرُوب • (ʕurūb) m pl

1. (rare) plural of عَرَب (ʕarab)

Further reading

• “ˁryb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 213
• Rotter, Gernot (1993) “Der dies veneris im vorislamischen Mekka, eine neue Deutung des Namens „Europa“ und eine Erklärung für kobar = Venus”, in Der Islam‎^[2] (in German), volume 70, number 1, →DOI, pages 122–139