जड

See also: जड़, जाड़ा, जाडो, जूड़ा, जोड, जोड़, जोडा, जोड़ा, जोडी, and जोड़ी

Konkani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡zəɖ]

Adjective

जड • (jaḍ) (Latin script zodd, Kannada script ಜಡ್)

1. heavy

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘕𑘚 (jaḍa), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa), from Sanskrit जड (jaḍa). Related to जाड (jāḍ), जाडे (jāḍe, “thick, stout, fat”). Compare Gujarati જડ (jaḍ), Hindustani جَڑ (jaṛ) / जड़ (jaṛ), Sindhi جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu), Odia ଜଡ଼ (jôṛô), Bengali জড় (joṛ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡zəɖ/

Adjective

जड • (j̈aḍ)

1. heavy
2. sluggish

   जीभ जड होणे ― jībh j̈aḍ hoṇe ― to have unclear articulation (literally, “tongue to become sluggish”)

3. difficult

   जड जाणे ― j̈aḍ j̈āṇe ― to be difficult (literally, “to go difficult”)

4. (of water) hard (with a high concentration of dissolved minerals)

   जड पाणी ― j̈aḍ pāṇī ― hard water

5. inanimate

Derived terms

• अवजड (avj̈aḍ)
• बोजड (boj̈aḍ)

 

Further reading

• Berntsen, Maxine, “जड”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Raeside, Ian Matthew Paton, Nemade, Bhalchandra Vanaji (1991) Marathi Reading Course, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, page 188
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “जड”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “जड”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জড (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬟ (Balinese script)
• জড (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰚 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀟 (Brahmi script)
• ဇဍ (Burmese script)
• જડ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਡ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌡 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦝ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂙 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಡ (Kannada script)
• ជឌ (Khmer script)
• ຊຑ (Lao script)
• ജഡ (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠᡷᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘚 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢎᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑦺 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐜 (Newa script)
• ଜଡ (Odia script)
• ꢙꢞ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆝 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖚 (Siddham script)
• ජඩ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩨 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚖 (Takri script)
• ஜட³ (Tamil script)
• జడ (Telugu script)
• ชฑ (Thai script)
• ཛ་ཌ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒛 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨖 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

According to Turner, probably of non-Indo-Aryan origin. In the meaning of "cold", probably contaminated with descendants of Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to be cold”) (whence English cold and Latin gelū), compare जळ्हु (jaḷhu, “cool”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɖɐ/

Adjective

जड • (jaḍá) stem

1. cold, frigid
2. stiff, torpid
3. stupid, dull

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जड (jaḍá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जडः jaḍáḥ	जडौ / जडा¹ jaḍaú / jaḍā́¹	जडाः / जडासः¹ jaḍā́ḥ / jaḍā́saḥ¹
Vocative	जड jáḍa	जडौ / जडा¹ jáḍau / jáḍā¹	जडाः / जडासः¹ jáḍāḥ / jáḍāsaḥ¹
Accusative	जडम् jaḍám	जडौ / जडा¹ jaḍaú / jaḍā́¹	जडान् jaḍā́n
Instrumental	जडेन jaḍéna	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडैः / जडेभिः¹ jaḍaíḥ / jaḍébhiḥ¹
Dative	जडाय jaḍā́ya	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडेभ्यः jaḍébhyaḥ
Ablative	जडात् jaḍā́t	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडेभ्यः jaḍébhyaḥ
Genitive	जडस्य jaḍásya	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडानाम् jaḍā́nām
Locative	जडे jaḍé	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडेषु jaḍéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जडा (jaḍā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जडा jaḍā́	जडे jaḍé	जडाः jaḍā́ḥ
Vocative	जडे jáḍe	जडे jáḍe	जडाः jáḍāḥ
Accusative	जडाम् jaḍā́m	जडे jaḍé	जडाः jaḍā́ḥ
Instrumental	जडया / जडा¹ jaḍáyā / jaḍā́¹	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडाभिः jaḍā́bhiḥ
Dative	जडायै jaḍā́yai	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडाभ्यः jaḍā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	जडायाः / जडायै² jaḍā́yāḥ / jaḍā́yai²	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडाभ्यः jaḍā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	जडायाः / जडायै² jaḍā́yāḥ / jaḍā́yai²	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडानाम् jaḍā́nām
Locative	जडायाम् jaḍā́yām	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडासु jaḍā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जड (jaḍá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जडम् jaḍám	जडे jaḍé	जडानि / जडा¹ jaḍā́ni / jaḍā́¹
Vocative	जड jáḍa	जडे jáḍe	जडानि / जडा¹ jáḍāni / jáḍā¹
Accusative	जडम् jaḍám	जडे jaḍé	जडानि / जडा¹ jaḍā́ni / jaḍā́¹
Instrumental	जडेन jaḍéna	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडैः / जडेभिः¹ jaḍaíḥ / jaḍébhiḥ¹
Dative	जडाय jaḍā́ya	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडेभ्यः jaḍébhyaḥ
Ablative	जडात् jaḍā́t	जडाभ्याम् jaḍā́bhyām	जडेभ्यः jaḍébhyaḥ
Genitive	जडस्य jaḍásya	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडानाम् jaḍā́nām
Locative	जडे jaḍé	जडयोः jaḍáyoḥ	जडेषु jaḍéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• अजड (ajaḍa)
• जडता (jaḍatā)
• जडत्व (jaḍatva)
• जडभाव (jaḍabhāva)
• जडयति (jaḍayati, “makes without feeling for, renders weak”)
• जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative)

 

Related terms

• जळ्हु (jaḷhu, “cool”)
• जल् (jal, “to be stiff or dull”), जलति (jalati) (probably contaminated with this term)

Descendants

• Pali: jaḷa (“dull, stupid”)
• Prakrit: 𑀚𑀟 (jaḍa, “lifeless, foolish, cold”), 𑀚𑀮 n (jala, “coldness”), 𑀚𑀟𑁆𑀟 (jaḍḍa, “weak”)
  • Gujarati: જડ (jaḍ)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: जड़ (jaṛ)
    • Urdu: جَڑ (jaṛ)
  • Sindhi: جَڙُ (jaṛu) / जड़ु (jaṛu)
  • Odia: ଜଡ଼ (jôṛô)
  • Bengali: জড় (joṛ)

See also descendants of जाड्य (jāḍya, “coldness”, Vṛddhi derivative).

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “जड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press