पर्ण

See also: पूर्ण, प्राणु, पुराण, and प्राण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇa). Doublet of पन्ना (pannā, “page”) and पान (pān, “betel leaf”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pəɾɳ/, [pɐɾɳ]

Noun

पर्ण • (parṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرن)

1. feather (of a bird)

   Synonym: पर (par)

2. leaf (of a tree)

   Synonyms: पत्ता (pattā), पत्र (patra)

Declension

Declension of पर्ण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पर्ण parṇ	पर्ण parṇ
oblique	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णों parṇõ
vocative	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णो parṇo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पर्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
• পর্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ပရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
• પર્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಪರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• បណ៌ (Khmer script)
• ປຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• പര്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• ପର୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• පර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• பர்ண (Tamil script)
• పర్ణ (Telugu script)
• ปรฺณ (Thai script)
• པ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), English fern.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐɾ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐɾ.ɳɐ/

Noun

पर्ण • (parṇá) stem, n

1. pinion, feather (also of an arrow), wing
2. leaf (regarded as the plumage of a tree)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of पर्ण (parṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पर्णम् parṇám	पर्णे parṇé	पर्णानि / पर्णा¹ parṇā́ni / parṇā́¹
Vocative	पर्ण párṇa	पर्णे párṇe	पर्णानि / पर्णा¹ párṇāni / párṇā¹
Accusative	पर्णम् parṇám	पर्णे parṇé	पर्णानि / पर्णा¹ parṇā́ni / parṇā́¹
Instrumental	पर्णेन parṇéna	पर्णाभ्याम् parṇā́bhyām	पर्णैः / पर्णेभिः¹ parṇaíḥ / parṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	पर्णाय parṇā́ya	पर्णाभ्याम् parṇā́bhyām	पर्णेभ्यः parṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	पर्णात् parṇā́t	पर्णाभ्याम् parṇā́bhyām	पर्णेभ्यः parṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	पर्णस्य parṇásya	पर्णयोः parṇáyoḥ	पर्णानाम् parṇā́nām
Locative	पर्णे parṇé	पर्णयोः parṇáyoḥ	पर्णेषु parṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• ताम्रपर्णी (tāmraparṇī)

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: पर्ण (parṇ)
• → Tamil: பர்ணம் (parṇam), பன்னம் (paṉṉam)
• → Kannada: ಪರ್ಣ (parṇa)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (paṇa)
  • Kalasha: pọ̃
  • Kashmiri: پَن (pan)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ފަން (fan̊)
  • Sinhalese: පන (pana)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
  • Assamese: পাণ (pan, “betel leaf”)
  • Bengali: পান (pan, “betel leaf”)
  • Bihari: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
    • Bhojpuri: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
    • Maithili: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
    • Magahi: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
  • Odia: ପାନ (panô, “betel leaf”)
  • Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘ (fan, “betel leaf”)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa: पण्ण
    • Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
      • Gujarati: પાન (pān)
        • ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
      • Marwari: पान (pān)
  • Konkani: पान (pān)
  • Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘡 (pāna)
    • Marathi: पान (pān)
  • Hindustani: pān

    Hindi: पान

    Urdu: پان (pān)

• Pali: paṇṇa
  • → Khmer: ប័ណ្ណ (ban) (learned)
  • → Lao: ບັນນະ (ban na) (learned)
  • → Thai: บรรณ (ban) (learned)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
  • Doteli: पन्ना (pannā)
  • Garhwali: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
  • Gurjar Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
    • Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
      • Gujarati: પાન (pān)
        • ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
      • Marwari: पान (pān)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: पान (pān, “betel leaf”), पन्ना (pannā, “page”)

    Urdu: پن (pān, “betel leaf”), پنا (pannā, “page”)

  • Kumaoni: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
  • Nepali: पानु (pānu), पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
  • Punjabi: ਪੰਨਾ (pannā)
  • Sindhi: पनु (panu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 606/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 97
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “parṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press