啁

啁 U+5541, 啁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5541 ← 啀 [U+5540] CJK Unified Ideographs 啂 → [U+5542]

Translingual

Han character

啁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口月土口 (RBGR), four-corner 6702₀, composition ⿰口周)

1. chirp, twitter, twittering

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 194, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3790
• Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 644, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5541

Chinese

trad.		啁
simp. #		啁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
裯	*tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁	*tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂	*tuːwʔ
綢	*tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢	*tʰuːw, *duːw
錭	*duːw
雕	*tɯːw
凋	*tɯːw
琱	*tɯːw
鯛	*tɯːw
鵰	*tɯːw
彫	*tɯːw
奝	*tɯːw
調	*dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩	*dɯːw
惆	*tʰɯw
婤	*tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠	*dɯw
椆	*dɯw, *tjɯws
周	*tjɯw
輖	*tjɯw
賙	*tjɯw
郮	*tjɯw
晭	*tjɯwʔ
倜	*tʰɯːwɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāo, zhōu, tiáo, tiào, dāo, cháo (zhao¹, zhou¹, tiao², tiao⁴, dao¹, chao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ, ㄓㄡ, ㄊㄧㄠˊ, ㄊㄧㄠˋ, ㄉㄠ, ㄔㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau¹, zau¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
    • Wade–Giles: chao¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
    • Palladius: чжао (čžao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōu
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhou
    • Wade–Giles: chou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jou
    • Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiáo
    • Wade–Giles: tʻiao²
    • Yale: tyáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyau
    • Palladius: тяо (tjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiào
    • Wade–Giles: tʻiao⁴
    • Yale: tyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiaw
    • Palladius: тяо (tjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dao
    • Wade–Giles: tao¹
    • Yale: dāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dau
    • Palladius: дао (dao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaau¹, zau¹
    • Yale: jāau, jāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau¹, dzau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zao¹, zeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: traew, trjuw

Rime
Character	啁	啁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	陟交切	張流切
Baxter	traew	trjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠau/	/ʈɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚau/	/ʈiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶau/	/ȶiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈaɨw/	/ʈuw/
Li Rong	/ȶau/	/ȶiu/
Wang Li	/ȶau/	/ȶĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶau/	/ȶi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaau1	zau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤriw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːw/, /*rtɯːw/, /*tɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāo
Middle Chinese	‹ træw ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁriw/
English	twitter, noise
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啁	啁	啁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	17506	17512	17523
Phonetic component	周	周	周
Rime group	幽	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	刀	嘲	輈
Old Chinese	/*tuːw/	/*rtɯːw/	/*tɯw/
Notes	嘐啁今作嘮叨

Definitions

啁

1. (onomatopoeia) chirp; twitter

Compounds

• 啁哳
• 啁啁
• 啁啾
• 啁嗻
• 啁噍
• 嘐啁
• 嘲啁
• 戲啁／戏啁
• 詼啁／诙啁
• 談啁／谈啁

 

Japanese

Kanji

啁

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): とう (tō); ちょう (chō); ちゅう (chū); しゅう (shū)
• Kun: たわむれる (tawamureru)

Korean

Hanja

啁 • (jo, ju) (hangeul 조, 주, revised jo, ju, McCune–Reischauer cho, chu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.