新しい

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Japanese

[edit]
Kanji in this term
あたら
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

[edit]

/arataɕi//ataraɕi//ataraɕiki//ataraɕiː/

In Old Japanese, the original term was 新たし (aratashi), composed of older 新た (arata, new) + adjective-forming suffix (shi).[1][2] This persisted until at least the mid-1200s,[1] and indeed the adjective stem arata is both modern adjective 新た (arata, -na adjective) and the root of verbs such as 改める (aratameru, to renew, refresh, revise, or reform something). See 新た (arata) for further details of that etymology.

Starting from the 900s, the aratashi reading began shifting to atarashi. This metathesis may have been due to conflation with 可惜し (atarashi, magnificent, excellent, precious; regrettable).[1][3] The aratashi reading then became more and more uncommon in Early Middle Japanese, and the “new, modern, fresh” sense became the main use, superseding the largely homophonous 可惜し (atarashi) and pushing it out of common usage.[3]

The modern form is from the 連体形 (rentaikei, attributive form) of Early Middle Japanese adjective 新し (atarashi), with the medial /-k-/ falling out.

Displaced Old Japanese 新し (nipisi, adjective). This is reflected in the modern language as prefixing stem (nii-), which is no longer productive.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「新しい
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 新しく たらしく
たらし
[àtáráꜜshìkù]
[àtáráshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 新しい たらし [àtáráshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 新しい たらし [àtáráshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 新しくない たらしくない
たらしくない
[àtáráꜜshìkùnàì]
[àtáráshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 新しかった たらしかった
たらしかった
[àtáráꜜshìkàttà]
[àtáráshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 新しくなかった たらしくなかった
たらしくなかった
[àtáráꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[àtáráshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 新しいです たらしいです [àtáráshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 新しくて たらしくて
たらしくて
[àtáráꜜshìkùtè]
[àtáráshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 新しければ たらしければ
たらしければ
[àtáráꜜshìkèrèbà]
[àtáráshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

[edit]

(あたら)しい (atarashii-i (adverbial (あたら)しく (atarashiku))

  1. new, novel
    ()(した)には(あたら)しいものはない。
    Hi no shita ni wa atarashii mono wa nai.
    There is nothing new under the sun.
  2. latest, recent
  3. modern
  4. fresh

Inflection

[edit]

Antonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

Idioms

[edit]

Proverbs

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 新しい/あたらしい”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, Etymology Derivation Dictionary) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō