比例

Japanese

Kanji in this term
比	例

Etymology

From 比 (hi, “ratio”) + 例 (rei, “put side by side”)

Noun

比例 (hiragana ひれい, romaji hirei)

1. proportion, ratio

Compounds

• 比例に応じて (hirei ni ōjite): proportional
• 比例区 (hireiku): proportionally represented constituency
• 比例式 (hireishiki): proportional expression
• 比例税 (hireizei): proportional tax
• 比例中項 (hirei chūkō): mean proportional
• 比例配分 (hirei haibun): proportional distribution
• 比例代表制 (hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation
• 名簿式比例代表制 (meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members
• 拘束名簿式比例代表制 (kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation electoral system
• 非拘束名簿式比例代表制 (hi-kōsoku meibo-shiki hirei daihyō sei): proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast
• 小選挙区比例代表並立制 (shō-senkyoku hirei daihyō heiritsu sei): electoral system comprised of single-seat and multiple-seat constituencies
• 逆比例 (gyakuhirei): inverse proportion to
• 正比例 (seihirei): direct proportion
• 単比例 (tanpirei): simple proportion
• 定比例 (teihirei): fixed proportion
• 反比例 (hanpirei): inverse proportion
• 複比例 (fukuhirei): compound proportion
• 定比例の法則 (teihirei no hōsoku): law of definite proportions
• 倍数比例の法則 (baisū hirei no hōsoku): law of multiple proportions

Verb

比例 + する (irregular conjugation, hiragana ひれいする, romaji hirei suru)比例する 比例 suru

1. be proportional, be in proportion

Conjugation

Conjugation of "比例する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms	Imperfective (未然形)	比例し	ひれいし	hirei shi
	Continuative (連用形)	比例し	ひれいし	hirei shi
	Terminal (終止形)	比例する	ひれいする	hirei suru
	Attributive (連体形)	比例する	ひれいする	hirei suru
	Hypothetical (仮定形)	比例すれ	ひれいすれ	hirei sure
	Imperative (命令形)	比例せよ¹ 比例しろ²	ひれいせよ¹ ひれいしろ²	hirei seyo¹ hirei shiro²
Key constructions	Passive	比例される	ひれいされる	hirei sareru
	Causative	比例させる 比例さす	ひれいさせる ひれいさす	hirei saseru hirei sasu
	Potential	比例できる	ひれいできる	hirei dekiru
	Volitional	比例しよう	ひれいしよう	hirei shiyō
	Negative	比例しない	ひれいしない	hirei shinai
	Negative continuative	比例せず	ひれいせず	hirei sezu
	Formal	比例します	ひれいします	hirei shimasu
	Perfective	比例した	ひれいした	hirei shita
	Conjunctive	比例して	ひれいして	hirei shite
	Hypothetical conditional	比例すれば	ひれいすれば	hirei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Usage notes

Often this verb is used in the past tense, 比例した, to mean commensurate or proportionate, or in the -te form 比例して to mean "in proportion." As such it expresses concepts with a verb that are usually expressed with other parts of speech in English.

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Mandarin

simpl. and trad.
比例

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

比例 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin bǐlì)

1. (Elementary Mandarin) proportion

References

• 1985, Jingrong (ed.) Wu, The Pinyin CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY (in Mandarin/English), Beijing, Hong Kong: The Commercial Press, ISBN 0471867969:
• 2000, Jingmin (ed.) Shao, HSK Dictionary (HSK汉语水平考试词典) (in Mandarin/English), Shanghai: Huadong Teachers College Publishers, ISBN 7561720785: