葵藿

Japanese[edit]

/kikʷaku/ → /kikaku/

From Middle Chinese 葵藿 (MC gjwij xwak), itself likely first attested from a poem by Jiang Yan.^[1]

葵(き)藿(かく) • (kikaku) ^{←きくわく (kikwaku)^?}

Synonym of 冬葵 (fuyuaoi): the Chinese or cluster mallow, Malva verticillata
- c. 796-830, Tōdaiji Fujumonkō [Tōdai-ji Buddhist scripture recitations manuscript]^[2]
  葵藿ハ□隨日而轉
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(by extension, figurative) an illustration of respect towards (or longing for) a lord or other person of high virtue (as if a mallow tilts itself towards the sun)
- c. 759, Man’yōshū:
  (book 5, introduction to poem 864),^[3] text here
  [...] 宜戀_レ主之誠、誠逾_二犬馬_一仰_レ德之心、心同_二葵藿_一。[...]
  Yoroshi's yearning for his master is sincere, one exceeding that of a dog for its horse; looking up with virtue on his mind, that mind the same as if were Chinese mallows.
any crude vegetable

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Tsukishima, Hiroshi (c. 796-830) Kotenseki Sakuin Sōsho Dai 8-kan: Tōdaiji Fujumonkō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 2001, →ISBN
^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.