Appendix:Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions
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Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions:
Curnow & Liddicoat (1998)[edit]
Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions and reflexes (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998):[1]
| no. | gloss | Proto-Barbacoan | Guambiano | Totoró | Awapit | Cha’palaachi | Tsafiqui |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | *i- | i- | i- | |||
| 2 | blow | *ut- | utʂ- | otʂ- | us- | ||
| 3 | come | *ha- | a- | ha- | ha- | ||
| 4 | cook | *aj- | aj- | (a-) | aj- | ||
| 5 | corn | *pijo | pija | pijo | |||
| 6 | do | *ki- | ki- | ki- | ki- | ||
| 7 | dry | *pur | pur | pul | |||
| 8 | eye | *kap | kap | kap-[tʂul] | (kasu) | ka-[puka] | ka-[’ka] |
| 9 | feces | *pi | pɨ | pe | pe | ||
| 10 | firewood | *tɨ | tʂɨ | sɨ | te | te | |
| 11 | flower | *uʃ | u | o | uʃ | ||
| 12 | fog | *waniʃ | waɲi | wapi | waniʃ | ||
| 13 | get up | *kus- | ku̥s- | kuh- | (ku’pa-) | ||
| 14 | go | *hi- | i- | hi- | hi- | ||
| 15 | go up | *lo- | nu- | lu- | lo- | ||
| 16 | hair | *aʃ | aʃ | a | |||
| 17 | house | *ja | ja | ja | (jal) | ja | ja |
| 18 | I | *la | na | na | na | la | |
| 19 | land | *to | su | tu | to | ||
| 20 | lie down | *tso | tsu | tsu | tu | tsu | tso |
| 21 | listen | *miina- | mina- | meena- | |||
| 22 | louse | *mũũ | (mũi) | muuŋ | mu | mu | |
| 23 | mouth | *ɸit | pit | fiʔ-[paki] | ɸi-[’ki] | ||
| 24 | no/negative | *ti | ʃi | ti | |||
| 25 | nose | *kim-ɸu | kim | kim | kimpu̥ | kinɸu | |
| 26 | path | *mii | mii | mi-[ɲu] | mi-[nu] | ||
| 27 | river, water | *pii | pi | pi | pii | pi | pi |
| 28 | rock | *ʃuk | ʂuk | ʂuk | uk | ʃu-[puka] | su |
| 29 | smoke | *iʃ | iʃ | iʃ | |||
| 30 | sow | *wah- | waa- | wah- | wa’-[ke-] | ||
| 31 | split | *paa- | paa- | paa- | |||
| 32 | tear ("eye-water") | *kap pi | kappi | kappi | kapi | ka’pĩ | |
| 33 | that | *sun | sun | hun | hun | ||
| 34 | thorn | *po | pu | pu | pu | po | |
| 35 | tree, stick | *tsik | tsik | tʃi | tsi-[de] | ||
| 36 | two | *paa | pa | pa | (paas) | paa | (palu) |
| 37 | what? | *ti | tʃi | (tʃini) | ʃi | ti-[n] | ti |
| 38 | who? | *mo | mu | mu-[n] | mo | ||
| 39 | wipe clean | *kis- | ki̥s- | kih- | |||
| 40 | yellow | *lah- | na-[tam] | lah-[katata] | (la’ke) | ||
| 41 | you (sg.) | *nu | (ɲi) | (ɲi) | nu | ɲu | nu |
| 42 | armadillo | *ʃul ? | ʂulə | ʂolɨ | ulam | ||
| 43 | dirt | *pil ? | pirə | pirɨ | pil | ||
| 44 | moon | *pɨ ? | pəl | pɨl | pe | ||
| 45 | suck | *tsu- ? | tuk- | tsu- | |||
| 46 | tail | *mɨ ? | məʃ, mətʂ | mɨʂ | mɨta | me | |
| 47 | three | *pɨ ? | pən | pɨn | pema | pemã | |
| 48 | tooth | *tu ? | tʂukul | tʂokol | sula |
References[edit]
- ^ Curnow, Timothy J.; Liddicoat, Anthony J. (1998). The Barbacoan languages of Colombia and Ecuador. Anthropological Linguistics, 40 (3).