Appendix:Slovene nouns/first masculine declension

The first masculine declension follow all masculine nouns that have ending -a or -u in genitive singular and the word dȃn. Nouns can follow all four accentual patterns and some can change gender in plural.

Basic sample

There are two things that determine the endings of a noun: whether it is animate or animate, and whether it is a hard or soft stem. Animate nouns have ending -a in accusative singular, while inanimate have a null ending. Soft stems (those ending in -c, -j, -č, -ž, -š) have -e- in endings instead of -o-:

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	hotẹ̑l
gen. sing.	hotẹ̑la
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	hotẹ̑l	hotẹ̑la	hotẹ̑li
genitive rodȋlnik	hotẹ̑la	hotẹ̑lov	hotẹ̑lov
dative dajȃlnik	hotẹ̑lu, hotẹ̑li	hotẹ̑loma, hotẹ̑lama	hotẹ̑lom, hotẹ̑lam
accusative tožȋlnik	hotẹ̑l	hotẹ̑la	hotẹ̑le
locative mẹ̑stnik	hotẹ̑lu, hotẹ̑li	hotẹ̑lih, hotẹ̑lah	hotẹ̑lih, hotẹ̑lah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	hotẹ̑lom	hotẹ̑loma, hotẹ̑lama	hotẹ̑li
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	hotẹ̑l	hotẹ̑la	hotẹ̑li

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	izpuščȃj
gen. sing.	izpuščȃja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃji
genitive rodȋlnik	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃjev	izpuščȃjev
dative dajȃlnik	izpuščȃju, izpuščȃji	izpuščȃjema, izpuščȃjama	izpuščȃjem, izpuščȃjam
accusative tožȋlnik	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃje
locative mẹ̑stnik	izpuščȃju, izpuščȃji	izpuščȃjih, izpuščȃjah	izpuščȃjih, izpuščȃjah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	izpuščȃjem	izpuščȃjema, izpuščȃjama	izpuščȃji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃji	izpuščȃji

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	akrobȃt
gen. sing.	akrobȃta
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	akrobȃt	akrobȃta	akrobȃti
genitive rodȋlnik	akrobȃta	akrobȃtov	akrobȃtov
dative dajȃlnik	akrobȃtu, akrobȃti	akrobȃtoma, akrobȃtama	akrobȃtom, akrobȃtam
accusative tožȋlnik	akrobȃta	akrobȃta	akrobȃte
locative mẹ̑stnik	akrobȃtu, akrobȃti	akrobȃtih, akrobȃtah	akrobȃtih, akrobȃtah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	akrobȃtom	akrobȃtoma, akrobȃtama	akrobȃti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	akrobȃt	akrobȃta	akrobȃti

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, animate) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	ravnȃtelj
gen. sing.	ravnȃtelja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	ravnȃtelj	ravnȃtelja	ravnȃtelji
genitive rodȋlnik	ravnȃtelja	ravnȃteljev	ravnȃteljev
dative dajȃlnik	ravnȃtelju, ravnȃtelji	ravnȃteljema, ravnȃteljama	ravnȃteljem, ravnȃteljam
accusative tožȋlnik	ravnȃtelja	ravnȃtelja	ravnȃtelje
locative mẹ̑stnik	ravnȃtelju, ravnȃtelji	ravnȃteljih, ravnȃteljah	ravnȃteljih, ravnȃteljah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	ravnȃteljem	ravnȃteljema, ravnȃteljama	ravnȃtelji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ravnȃtelj	ravnȃtelja	ravnȃtelji

Alterations

Note: the second form is, if not otherwise denoted, in genitive singular

• Nouns can have -j-, -t-, or -n- infix

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix
nom. sing.	tȃksi
gen. sing.	tȃksija
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	tȃksi	tȃksija	tȃksiji
genitive rodȋlnik	tȃksija	tȃksijev	tȃksijev
dative dajȃlnik	tȃksiju, tȃksiji	tȃksijema, tȃksijama	tȃksijem, tȃksijam
accusative tožȋlnik	tȃksi	tȃksija	tȃksije
locative mẹ̑stnik	tȃksiju, tȃksiji	tȃksijih, tȃksijah	tȃksijih, tȃksijah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	tȃksijem	tȃksijema, tȃksijama	tȃksiji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	tȃksi	tȃksija	tȃksiji

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, -t- infix
nom. sing.	sȋnko
gen. sing.	sȋnkota
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	sȋnko	sȋnkota	sȋnkoti
genitive rodȋlnik	sȋnkota	sȋnkotov	sȋnkotov
dative dajȃlnik	sȋnkotu, sȋnkoti	sȋnkotoma, sȋnkotama	sȋnkotom, sȋnkotam
accusative tožȋlnik	sȋnkota	sȋnkota	sȋnkote
locative mẹ̑stnik	sȋnkotu, sȋnkoti	sȋnkotih, sȋnkotah	sȋnkotih, sȋnkotah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	sȋnkotom	sȋnkotoma, sȋnkotama	sȋnkoti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	sȋnko	sȋnkota	sȋnkoti

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -n- infix
nom. sing.	nágelj
gen. sing.	nágeljna
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	nágelj	nágeljna	nágeljni
genitive rodȋlnik	nágeljna	nāgeljnov	nāgeljnov
dative dajȃlnik	nágeljnu, nágeljni	nágeljnoma, nágeljnama	nágeljnom, nágeljnam
accusative tožȋlnik	nágelj	nágeljna	nágeljne
locative mẹ̑stnik	nágeljnu, nágeljni	nāgeljnih, nāgeljnah	nāgeljnih, nāgeljnah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	nágeljnom	nágeljnoma, nágeljnama	nāgeljni
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	nȃgelj	nȃgeljna	nȃgeljni

• A relatively small number of masculine nouns have a nominative (and accusative, if inanimate) singular an ending -a (slúga (mostly the nouns that can also follow second masculine declination) 'servant'), -e (finȃle 'final'), -o (Márko (a male name), or -u (Enẹ̑scu '(a name)'). Sometimes, but not always, the suffixes in Latin loanwords -as, -es, -is, -os, -us, and -um are considered an ending. Examples of this include Leonȋdas Leonȋda, Ȃvgijas Ȃvgija, Aristọ̄teles Aristọ̄tela, Juvenȃlis Juvenȃla, Arhȋlos Arhȋloha, Tȃcitus Tȃcita, and Tarẹ̑ntum Tarẹ̑nta. These suffixes can be omitted (Leonȋd, Aristọ̄tel, Juvenȃl etc.), but if we do so, the stems that end with a vowel must be lengthened with a j-, even in nominative case (Ȃvgij, Menelȃj, Lívij, etc.). The lengthening of the stem is also present in other cases if one does not decide to omit the suffix. Other times, the suffix is considered as a part of the stem, such as Rọ̑dos Rọ̑dosa, and some can be declined both ways, such as ọ̑bolos ọ̑bola/ọ̑bolosa and alpinẹ̑tum alpinẹ̑ta/alpinẹ̑tuma. Modern Greek names are considered not to have an ending in nominative (Makȃrios Makariosa).

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, ending -e in nominative singular
nom. sing.	finȃle
gen. sing.	finȃla
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	finȃle	finȃla	finȃli
genitive rodȋlnik	finȃla	finȃlov	finȃlov
dative dajȃlnik	finȃlu, finȃli	finȃloma, finȃlama	finȃlom, finȃlam
accusative tožȋlnik	finȃla	finȃla	finȃle
locative mẹ̑stnik	finȃlu, finȃli	finȃlih, finȃlah	finȃlih, finȃlah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	finȃlom	finȃloma, finȃlama	finȃli
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	finȃle	finȃla	finȃli

• The surname Nepos can have alternatively a stem Nepot- in other cases (Nẹ̑pos Nẹ̑pota).

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, stem change to nepot- in other cases (singularia tantum)
nom. sing.	Nẹ̑pos
gen. sing.	Nẹ̑pota
	singular
nominative imenovȃlnik	Nẹ̑pos
genitive rodȋlnik	Nẹ̑pota
dative dajȃlnik	Nẹ̑potu, Nẹ̑poti
accusative tožȋlnik	Nẹ̑pota
locative mẹ̑stnik	Nẹ̑potu, Nẹ̑poti
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Nẹ̑potom
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Nẹ̑pos

• some monosyllabic nouns have an -u ending in genitive singular (mọ̑st mostȗ 'bridge', rọ̑d rodȗ 'lineage') – remnants of u-stem declension.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.	grȃd
gen. sing.	gradȗ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	gradȗ	gradóv	gradóv
dative dajȃlnik	grȃdu, grȃdi	gradȏvoma, gradȏvama	gradȏvom, gradȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	grȃdu, grȃdi	gradȏvih, gradȏvah	gradȏvih, gradȏvah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	grȃdom	gradȏvi, gradȏvama	gradȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏvi

• Many nouns have the stem shortened in cases where the ending is not a null ending (as it is nominative singular), mainly because they have a fill vowel, which is there to ease the pronunciacion. The change can be evident in writing, pronunciation, or both:
  • In writing, silent -e at the end of the stem is omitted in some loanwords Wilde /ˈʋâːjlt/ Wilda /ˈʋáːjldà/ and Laforgue /laˈfôːɾɡ/ Lafforgua /laˈfóːɾɡà/, but not in cases where that would affect the pronunciation of preceding letters, such as in Wallace /ˈwáːlə̀s///ˈʋáːlìs/ Wallacea /ˈʋáːlisà/ and George /ˈdʒôːɾdʒ/ Georgea /ˈdʒóːɾdʒà/, except if it is preventing the nasalisation of the consonant + m/n that precede it, such as Lamartine /lamaɾˈtîːn/ Lamartina /lamaɾˈtíːnà/. If e is followed by other letters, it is kept in all cases, whether it is pronounced or not (Holmes /xôːlms/ Holmesa /xóːlmsà/ and Jacques /ʒâːk/ Jacquesa /ʒáːkà/).
  • In pronunciation, when the sound is not written with an e or o, such as in žánr žánra and fílm fílma.
  • In both when the sound is written by its own letter, usually with an e, but also with a or o, such as pósəł pósla 'business' and séjəm séjma 'fair'. In loanwords from other Slavic languages, fill vowels are preserved if the removal would break other grammatical rules. Examples include Muromec Muromca, Dudok Dudka, Čapek Čapka, Kragujevac Kragujevca, and Zadar Zadra, but not Lev, because Lev Lva would violate other grammatical rules, so it is declined as Lev Leva. The omission of the sound is also present in some non-Slavic loanwords, such as München /ˈmýːnxə̀n///ˈmíːŋxə̀n/ Münchna /ˈmíːŋxnà/, ráster rástra, but sometimes the sound is preserved in all cases, where it is transformed into /e/ or /o/, such as Ȃndersen Ȃndersena and Olafsson /ˈóːlafsɔ̀n/ Olafssona /ˈóːlafsɔnà/.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, loss of silent -e
nom. sing.	Wilde
gen. sing.	Wilda
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Wilde	Wilda	Wildi
genitive rodȋlnik	Wilda	Wildov	Wildov
dative dajȃlnik	Wildu, Wildi	Wildoma, Wildama	Wildom, Wildam
accusative tožȋlnik	Wilda	Wilda	Wilde
locative mẹ̑stnik	Wildu, Wildi	Wildih, Wildah	Wildih, Wildah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Wildom	Wildoma, Wildama	Wildi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Wilde	Wilda	Wildi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, loss of unwritten fill vowel
nom. sing.	fílm
gen. sing.	fílma
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	fílm	fílma	fílmi
genitive rodȋlnik	fílma	fīlmov	fīlmov
dative dajȃlnik	fílmu, fílmi	fílmoma, fílmama	fílmom, fílmam
accusative tožȋlnik	fílm	fílma	fílme
locative mẹ̑stnik	fílmu, fílmi	fīlmih, fīlmah	fīlmih, fīlmah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	fílmom	fílmoma, fílmama	fīlmi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	fȋlm	fȋlma	fȋlmi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, loss of fill vowel
nom. sing.	séjəm
gen. sing.	séjma
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	séjəm	séjma	séjmi
genitive rodȋlnik	séjma	sējmov	sējmov
dative dajȃlnik	séjmu, séjmi	séjmoma, séjmama	séjmom, séjmam
accusative tožȋlnik	séjəm	séjma	séjme
locative mẹ̑stnik	séjmu, séjmi	sējmih, sējmah	sējmih, sējmah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	séjmom	séjmoma, séjmama	sējmi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	sȇjəm	sȇjma	sȇjmi

• Nouns ending in -io (such as rādio /ˈɾáːdijɔ///ˈɾàːdijɔ/ 'radio') usually follow the soft inflection pattern radio instrumental singular radiem.

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, ending -o in nominative singular
nom. sing.	rādio
gen. sing.	rādia
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	rādio	rādia	rādii
genitive rodȋlnik	rādia	rādiev	rādiev
dative dajȃlnik	rādiu, rādii	rādiema, rādiama	rādiem, rādiam
accusative tožȋlnik	rādio	rādia	rādie
locative mẹ̑stnik	rādiu, rādii	rādiih, rādiah	rādiih, rādiah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	rādiem	rādiema, rādiama	rādii
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	rȃdio	rȃdia	rȃdii

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, ending -o in nominative singular, in pronunciation becomes soft
nom. sing.	rādio
gen. sing.	rādia
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	rādio	rādia	rādii
genitive rodȋlnik	rādia	rādiov	rādiov
dative dajȃlnik	rādiu, rādii	rādioma, rādiama	rādiom, rādiam
accusative tožȋlnik	rādio	rādia	rādie
locative mẹ̑stnik	rādiu, rādii	rādiih, rādiah	rādiih, rādiah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	rādiom	rādioma, rādiama	rādii
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	rȃdio	rȃdia	rȃdii

• Names ending in a vowel and consonant that is not pronounced are j-stem nouns, and can be written following hard or soft declension, but always pronounced as in soft declension. The added -j- is not written, only pronounced (Marat /maˈɾáː/ instrumental singular Maratom/Maratem /maˈɾáːjɛm/). Same happens to those ending in r and a silent consonant (Macquart /makˈáːɾ/ instrumental singular Macquartom/Macquartem /makˈáːɾjɛm/).

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, in pronunciation becomes soft with j-infix
nom. sing.	Macquart
gen. sing.	Macquarta
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Macquart	Macquarta	Macquarti
genitive rodȋlnik	Macquarta	Macquartov	Macquartov
dative dajȃlnik	Macquartu, Macquarti	Macquartoma, Macquartama	Macquartom, Macquartam
accusative tožȋlnik	Macquarta	Macquarta	Macquarte
locative mẹ̑stnik	Macquartu, Macquarti	Macquartih, Macquartah	Macquartih, Macquartah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Macquartom	Macquartoma, Macquartama	Macquarti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Macquart	Macquarta	Macquarti

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, in pronunciation gets j-infix
nom. sing.	Macquart
gen. sing.	Macquarta
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Macquart	Macquarta	Macquarti
genitive rodȋlnik	Macquarta	Macquartev	Macquartev
dative dajȃlnik	Macquartu, Macquarti	Macquartema, Macquartama	Macquartem, Macquartam
accusative tožȋlnik	Macquarta	Macquarta	Macquarte
locative mẹ̑stnik	Macquartu, Macquarti	Macquartih, Macquartah	Macquartih, Macquartah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Macquartem	Macquartema, Macquartama	Macquarti
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Macquart	Macquarta	Macquarti

• Some nouns have the stem lengthened with -ov- in dual and plural, except in genitive case (for example wikt-grȃd nominative dual gradȏva 'castle', grȍb nominative dual grobȏva "grave"). These are usually monosyllabic nouns.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.	grȃd
gen. sing.	gradȗ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	gradȗ	gradóv	gradóv
dative dajȃlnik	grȃdu, grȃdi	gradȏvoma, gradȏvama	gradȏvom, gradȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	grȃdu, grȃdi	gradȏvih, gradȏvah	gradȏvih, gradȏvah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	grȃdom	gradȏvi, gradȏvama	gradȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	grȃd	gradȏva	gradȏvi

• Some nouns have the ending -je in the nominative plural instead of -i. This is a remnant of the Common Slavic masculine i-stem inflection, which was mostly lost in Slovene except for this ending. For example: študȅnt 'student', nominative plural študéntje, gospọ̑d 'sir, lord', nominative plural gospọ̑dje, kmȅt 'farmer', nominative plural kmẹ́tje, etc. Usually, the regular form is also allowed, but rarely preferred.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, ending -je in nominative plural
nom. sing.	gospọ̑d
gen. sing.	gospọ̑da
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	gospọ̑d	gospọ̑da	gospọ̑dje
genitive rodȋlnik	gospọ̑da	gospọ̑dov	gospọ̑dov
dative dajȃlnik	gospọ̑du, gospọ̑di	gospọ̑doma, gospọ̑dama	gospọ̑dom, gospọ̑dam
accusative tožȋlnik	gospọ̑da	gospọ̑da	gospọ̑de
locative mẹ̑stnik	gospọ̑du, gospọ̑di	gospọ̑dih, gospọ̑dah	gospọ̑dih, gospọ̑dah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	gospọ̑dom	gospọ̑doma, gospọ̑dama	gospọ̑di
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	gospọ̑d	gospọ̑da	gospọ̑dje

• Some nouns (mostly those that have an ending -u in genitive singular) have a null ending in genitive dual/plural (lȃs, genitive plural lás 'hair', zọ̑b genitive plural zọ́b 'tooth'). Some can be declined either way (vọ̑z, genitive plural vozóv/vọ̑z).

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, no ending in genitive dual/plural
nom. sing.	vọ̑z
gen. sing.	vọ̑za
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	vọ̑z	vozȏva	vozȏvi
genitive rodȋlnik	vọ̑za	vọ̑z	vọ̑z
dative dajȃlnik	vọ̑zu, vọ̑zi	vozȏvoma, vozȏvama	vozȏvom, vozȏvam
accusative tožȋlnik	vọ̑za	vozȏva	vozȏve
locative mẹ̑stnik	vọ̑zu, vọ̑zi	vozȏvih, vozȏvah	vozȏvih, vozȏvah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	vọ̑zom	vozȏvoma, vozȏvama	vozȏvi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	vọ̑z	vozȏva	vozȏvi

• About special stressed endings in plural, see mixed accent nouns.

• Few nouns show the effects of the Slavic second palatalisation in some of the plural forms:
  • otrȍk: nominative plural otróci, locative dual/plural otrọ̄cih.
  • vȏlk: nominative plural volcjẹ̑. But this form is rare, the usual nominative plural is volkȏvi.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, showing signs of Slavic second palatalization
nom. sing.	otrȍk
gen. sing.	otróka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	otrȍk	otróka	otróci
genitive rodȋlnik	otróka	otrọ́k	otrọ́k
dative dajȃlnik	otróku, otróki	otrókoma, otrókama	otrókom, otrókam
accusative tožȋlnik	otróka	otróka	otróke
locative mẹ̑stnik	otróku, otróki	otrọ̄kih, otrọ̄kah	otrọ̄kih, otrọ̄kah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	otrókom	otrókoma, otrókama	otrọ́ki
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	otrȍk	otrȏka	otrȏci

• Many forms of the noun dȃn 'day' have two stems, a shorter one with only the consonants dn-, and a longer one dnẹ̑v-. The longer stem declines as a regular o-stem, while the shorter one has a unique set of endings not shared with any other noun. The formal, most appropriate declension, is a mix of both:

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, showing forms of former n-stem declension
nom. sing.	dȃn
gen. sing.	dnẹ̑va, dnẹ̑
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	dȃn	dnẹ̑va, dnȋ	dnẹ̑vi, dnȋ
genitive rodȋlnik	dnẹ̑va, dnẹ̑	dní, dnẹ̑vov	dní, dnẹ̑vov
dative dajȃlnik	dnẹ̑vu, dnẹ̑vi	dnẹ̑ma, dnẹ̑voma, dnẹ̑vama	dnẹ̑m, dnẹ̑vom, dnẹ̑vam
accusative tožȋlnik	dȃn	dnẹ̑va, dnȋ	dnẹ̑ve, dnȋ
locative mẹ̑stnik	dnẹ̑vu, dnẹ̑vi	dnẹ́h, dnẹ̑vih, dnẹ̑vah	dnẹ́h, dnẹ̑vih, dnẹ̑vah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	dnẹ̑vom, dnẹ̑m	dnẹ̑ma, dnẹ̑voma, dnẹ̑vama	dnẹ̑vi dnẹ̑mi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	dȃn	dnẹ̑va, dnȋ	dnẹ̑vi, dnȋ

• The masculine noun člóvek 'human, person' is suppletive. In the plural, the stem ljud- is used, which follows the mobile-accent o-stem declension:

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , mobile accent, stem ljud- in plural
nom. sing.	člóvek
gen. sing.	človẹ́ka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	člóvek	človẹ́ka	ljudjẹ̑
genitive rodȋlnik	človẹ́ka	ljudí	ljudí
dative dajȃlnik	človẹ́ku, človẹ́ki	človẹ́koma	ljudẹ̑m
accusative tožȋlnik	človẹ́ka	človẹ́ka	ljudȋ
locative mẹ̑stnik	človẹ́ku, človẹ́ki	ljudẹ́h	ljudẹ́h
instrumental orọ̑dnik	človẹ́kom	človẹ́koma	ljudmí
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	člȏvek	človẹ̑ka	ljudjẹ̑

Common colloquial or archaic additional forms

• In the 19th century the ending -i was often used in the dative/locative singular instead of -u. This form was already included in the examples above.
• In the 18th century the endings -ama, -am, and -ah were more common; nowadays they are purely dialectal. These forms are also already included.
• All nowadays soft stems were up to 19th century declined as hard and that also holds true for most dialects.

First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent
nom. sing.	izpuščȃj
gen. sing.	izpuščȃja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃji
genitive rodȋlnik	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃjov	izpuščȃjov
dative dajȃlnik	izpuščȃju, izpuščȃji	izpuščȃjoma, izpuščȃjama	izpuščȃjom, izpuščȃjam
accusative tožȋlnik	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃja	izpuščȃje
locative mẹ̑stnik	izpuščȃju, izpuščȃji	izpuščȃjih, izpuščȃjah	izpuščȃjih, izpuščȃjah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	izpuščȃjom	izpuščȃjoma, izpuščȃjama	izpuščȃji
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	izpuščȃj	izpuščȃji	izpuščȃji

• A lot of nouns nowadays following the second masculine declension are colloquially declined with t- (usually, sometimes -a changes to -e) or n- (Carinthian dialects) infix.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, -t- infix
nom. sing.	Lúka
gen. sing.	Lúkata
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Lúka	Lúkata	Lúkati
genitive rodȋlnik	Lúkata	Lūkatov	Lūkatov
dative dajȃlnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lúkatoma, Lúkatama	Lúkatom, Lúkatam
accusative tožȋlnik	Lúkata	Lúkata	Lúkate
locative mẹ̑stnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lūkatih, Lūkatah	Lūkatih, Lūkatah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Lúkatom	Lúkatoma, Lúkatama	Lūkati
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Lȗka	Lȗkata	Lȗkati

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, -t- infix, change of -a to -e
nom. sing.	Lúka
gen. sing.	Lúketa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Lúka	Lúketa	Lúketi
genitive rodȋlnik	Lúketa	Lūketov	Lūketov
dative dajȃlnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lúketoma, Lúkatama	Lúketom, Lúkatam
accusative tožȋlnik	Lúketa	Lúketa	Lúkete
locative mẹ̑stnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lūkatih, Lūkatah	Lūkatih, Lūkatah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Lúketom	Lúketoma, Lúkatama	Lūketi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Lȗka	Lȗketa	Lȗketi

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, -n- infix
nom. sing.	Lúka
gen. sing.	Lúkana
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	Lúka	Lúkana	Lúkani
genitive rodȋlnik	Lúkana	Lūkanov	Lūkanov
dative dajȃlnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lúkanoma, Lúkatama	Lúkanom, Lúkatam
accusative tožȋlnik	Lúkana	Lúkana	Lúkane
locative mẹ̑stnik	Lúkatu, Lúkati	Lūkatih, Lūkatah	Lūkatih, Lūkatah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	Lúkanom	Lúkanoma, Lúkatama	Lūkani
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	Lȗka	Lȗkana	Lȗkani