Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/klasti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *klā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂-. Cognate with ye-presents Lithuanian klóti (“to spread”), Latvian klât (“to cover, spread”). Compare also Lithuanian klõdas (“layer, stratum”).

Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation клам pf (klam, “to lay down”), of unclear diachronic origin (could be a contraction of кла́вам (klávam)).

Verb

*klàsti impf

1. to put, to lay, to set down

   Synonyms: *postaviti, *polagati

2. to stack, to pile, to deposit

   Synonyms: (native) *kupiti, *vъložiti

3. (reflexive) (+ *sę) to provide for, to feed (oneself)

Alternative forms

• *kladati

Conjugation

Conjugation of *klasti, *klade, *kladetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kladenьje	*klasti	*klastъ	*kladlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kladenъ	*kladomъ
Active	*kladъ	*klady

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*klad(ox)ъ	*klade	*klade	*kladǫ	*kladeši	*kladetь
Dual	*klad(ox)ově	*klad(e/os)ta	*klad(e/os)te	*kladevě	*kladeta	*kladete
Plural	*klad(ox)omъ	*klad(e/os)te	*kladǫ, *kladošę	*klademъ	*kladete	*kladǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kladěaxъ	*kladěaše	*kladěaše	—	*kladi	*kladi
Dual	*kladěaxově	*kladěašeta	*kladěašete	*kladěvě	*kladěta	—
Plural	*kladěaxomъ	*kladěašete	*kladěaxǫ	*kladěmъ	*kladěte	—

Derived terms

Verbs:

• *doklasti, *dokladati
• *naklasti, *nakladati
• *sъklasti, *sъkladati
• *o(b)klasti, *o(b)kladati
• *orzklasti, *orzkladati
• *perklasti, *perkladati
• *podъklasti, *podъkladati
• *priklasti, *prikladati
• *uklasti, *ukladati
• *vъklasti, *vъkladati
• *zaklasti, *zakladati

Nouns:

• *kladъ (“layout, symbol”)
  • *sъkladъ (“warehouse, storeroom”)
• *klada (“stack”), *kladina (“pile, heap”)
• *kladь (“load”), *klaďa (“provision, setup”)
• *kladьba (verbal noun)
• *kladivo (“provision, hoard”)
• *kladьnъ, *kladьňь (“piled”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кла́сці (klásci)
  • Russian: класть (klastʹ)
  • Ukrainian: кла́сти (klásty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: класти (klasti)
  • Bulgarian: клада́ (kladá); dial. кла́вам (klávam), кла́жa (kláža)
  • Macedonian: кладе pf (klade) (regionalism), клава impf (klava) (regionalism)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: кла̏сти
    • Latin script: klȁsti
  • Slovene: klásti (tonal orthography) (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: klásti
    • Czech: klást
  • Kashubian: kłasc
  • Old Polish: kłaść
    • Polish: kłaść
    • Silesian: kłaść
  • Slovak: klásť

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: clădi (“to build”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кладу”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klasti, *kladǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 187
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “клада́ (гл.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 411
• “kloti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012