Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/iʀ

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *iz.

Pronoun

*iʀ

1. he, it

Inflection

Declension of *iʀ (irregular)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*iʀ	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*it	*sī/si(j)u
Accusative	*inā	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*sī/si(j)u	*it	*sī/si(j)u
Genitive	*es	*eʀō	*eʀu	*eʀō	*es	*eʀō
Dative	*imai?	*im	*eʀu(i?)	*im	*imai?	*im
Instrumental	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?

Descendants

• Old English: ī- (“self; same”, prefix)
• Old Frisian: -er, -ere
  • Saterland Frisian: er
  • West Frisian: er
• Old High German: ēr
  • Middle High German: ër
    • Alemannic German: er, är, aer, er, ër
      • Swabian: er, ear
    • Bavarian: er
      • Cimbrian: èar, ar (aphetic), er (Luserna)
      • Mòcheno: er
    • Central Franconian: er
      • Hunsrik: er, ëyer (Wiesemann spelling system)
    • East Central German: er, ar, ea
    • German: er
    • East Franconian: er, ea, ar
    • Rhine Franconian: er, ér, éa
      • Pennsylvania German: er
    • Yiddish: ער (er)