enfilade

English

Enfilade of doorways in a former Cistercian friary, Előszállás, Hungary

Military enfilade and defilade

Etymology

Borrowed from French enfilade.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌɛnfəlˈeɪd/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɛnfəlˌeɪd/
• Rhymes: -eɪd

Noun

enfilade (plural enfilades)

1. A line or straight passage, or the position of that which lies in a straight line.
   • 2015 January 4, Harry Mount, “Kings and queens – any other approach to history is boring [print version: Game of thrones, 3 January 2015, p. R22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎^[1]:

     In his Booker Prize-winning novel The Line of Beauty, Alan Hollinghurst wrote about people who know their world history as being able to look back through the millennia as an enfilade of rooms: Greece yields to Rome; Rome to the Byzantine Empire ... the Renaissance ... the British Empire ... America ... China. The same goes for people who can recite their kings and queens. British history clicks into a long enfilade of discrete, identifiable periods.

2. Gunfire directed along the length of a target.

   Antonym: defilade

   • 1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 13:

     Uncle Charles, a truly unparalleled slinger of shit, is laying down an enfilade of same, trying to mollify men who seem way more in need of a good brow-mopping than I.

   • 1996, Guy Vanderhaeghe, chapter 27, in The Englishman’s Boy‎^[2], New York: Anchor, page 266:

     In minutes they had gained the top, fell prone, and began to pour deadly repeater-fire into the enemy below while their compatriots raked the top of the coulee with an enfilade.

3. (architecture) A series of doors that provide a vista when open.

Synonyms

• flanking fire
• raking fire

Translations

passage

gunfire

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 縱射／纵射 (zh) (zòngshè)

• Irish: lámhach leatrasna m
• Polish: amfilada (pl) f (archaic)

architecture

• Polish: amfilada (pl) f

Verb

enfilade (third-person singular simple present enfilades, present participle enfilading, simple past and past participle enfiladed)

1. (transitive) To rake (something) with gunfire.
   • 1765, John Wright, chapter 7, in The Compleat History of the Late War‎^[3], volume 1, London: David Steel, page 202:

     A great quantity of artillery was placed upon the eminence, so as to batter and enfilade the left of their intrenchments.

   • 1803, Robert Charles Dallas, The History of the Maroons‎^[4], London: Longman and Rees, Volume 1, Letter 3, p. 72:

     As they scrambled up a narrow path they every where found holes dug to cover the defenders of the mountain, and sticks crossed for resting their guns, with which they enfiladed every angle, that from the steepness it was necessary to make in ascending.

   • 1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 30, in The Dust of Conflict‎^[5]:

     It was by his order the shattered leading company flung itself into the houses when the Sin Verguenza were met by an enfilading volley as they reeled into the calle.

   • 2019 November 20, “Service honours railwaymen who fought and died in WW1”, in Rail, page 66:

     He killed the machine gun crew, and without further orders pushed on and enfiladed a ditch from which three officers and 160 men subsequently surrendered.

2. (figuratively, transitive) To be directed toward (something) like enfilading gunfire.
   • 1886, Thomas Hardy, chapter 24, in The Mayor of Casterbridge‎^[6]:

     Together they saw the market thicken, and in course of time thin away with the slow decline of the sun towards the upper end of town, its rays taking the street endways and enfilading the long thoroughfare from top to bottom.

   • 1921, Henry G. Aikman, Zell‎^[7], London: Jonathan Cape, Part 1, Chapter 1, p. 15:

     From her rocking chair in the parlour, Mrs. Zell’s scrutiny enfiladed the entire block.

3. (architecture, transitive) To arrange (rooms or other structures) in a row.
   • 1920, Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence‎^[8], Book 1, Chapter 3:

     […] the house had been boldly planned with a ball-room, so that, instead of squeezing through a narrow passage to get to it (as at the Chiverses’) one marched solemnly down a vista of enfiladed drawing-rooms (the sea-green, the crimson and the bouton d’or), seeing from afar the many-candled lustres reflected in the polished parquetry […]

Synonyms

• flank

Anagrams

• alfenide

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.fi.lad/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

enfilade f (plural enfilades)

1. row or series (of houses)
2. (architecture) enfilade
3. enfilade (gunfire)
4. (chess) skewer

Further reading

• “enfilade”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.