estimer

French

FWOTD – 11 September 2013

Alternative forms

• æstimer (obsolete)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French estimer, borrowed from Latin aestimāre; replaced inherited Old French esmer that had become homonymous with aimer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs.ti.me/

• audio

  (file)

Verb

estimer

1. (transitive) to estimate, to calculate roughly
2. (transitive) to esteem, to hold in high regard
3. (transitive) to give some thought to, to consider

Conjugation

Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	estimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	estimant /ɛs.ti.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		estimé /ɛs.ti.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime /ɛs.tim/2	estimes /ɛs.tim/	estime /ɛs.tim/	estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/	estimez /ɛs.ti.me/	estiment /ɛs.tim/
	imperfect	estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimait /ɛs.ti.mɛ/	estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/	estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/	estimaient /ɛs.ti.mɛ/
	past historic3	estimai /ɛs.ti.me/	estimas /ɛs.ti.ma/	estima /ɛs.ti.ma/	estimâmes /ɛs.ti.mam/	estimâtes /ɛs.ti.mat/	estimèrent /ɛs.ti.mɛʁ/
	future	estimerai /ɛs.tim.ʁe/	estimeras /ɛs.tim.ʁa/	estimera /ɛs.tim.ʁa/	estimerons /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/	estimerez /ɛs.tim.ʁe/	estimeront /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerait /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/	estimerions /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	estimeriez /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁje/	estimeraient /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior3	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime /ɛs.tim/2	estimes /ɛs.tim/	estime /ɛs.tim/	estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/	estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/	estiment /ɛs.tim/
	imperfect3	estimasse /ɛs.ti.mas/	estimasses /ɛs.ti.mas/	estimât /ɛs.ti.ma/	estimassions /ɛs.ti.ma.sjɔ̃/	estimassiez /ɛs.ti.ma.sje/	estimassent /ɛs.ti.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect3	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estime /ɛs.tim/	—	estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/	estimez /ɛs.ti.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 estimé when inverted.
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• ermites, meistre, mérites, métiers, remîtes

Middle French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aestimo, aestimare.

Verb

estimer

1. to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of estimer

infinitive	simple	estimer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	estimant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		estimé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime	estimes	estime	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimois, estimoys	estimois, estimoys	estimoit, estimoyt	estimions, estimyons	estimiez, estimyez	estimoient, estimoyent
	past historic	estima	estimas	estima	estimasmes	estimastes	estimerent
	future	estimerai, estimeray	estimeras	estimera	estimerons	estimerez	estimeront
	conditional	estimerois, estimeroys	estimerois, estimeroys	estimeroit, estimeroyt	estimerions, estimeryons	estimeriez, estimeryez	estimeroient, estimeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estime	estimes	estime	estimons	estimez	estiment
	imperfect	estimasse	estimasses	estimast	estimassions	estimassiez	estimassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estime	—	estimons	estimez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: estimer

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

estimer

1. imperative of estimere