jutro

morning
Synonym: ráno

z jutra / za jutra / k jutru / (v) jutřě ― in the morning

dobré jutro / dobrojtro ― good morning
tomorrow
Synonyms: zajtřek, zajtřie, zjutřie

z jutra / za jutra / k jutru / (v) jutřě ― tomorrow

jutřě ráno ― tomorrow morning
east
Synonym: východ

Declension[edit]

Declension of jutro (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	jutro	jutřě	jutra
genitive	jutra	jutrú	juter
dative	jutru	jutroma	jutróm
accusative	jutro	jutřě	jutra
vocative	jutro	jutřě	jutra
locative	jutřě, jutru	jutrú	jutřiech
instrumental	jutrem	jutroma	jutry

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Coordinate terms[edit]

(times of day) část dne; úsvit, jutro/ráno, dopoledne, poledne, spoledne, nešpor, večer, súmrak, prvospi, noc, pólnoc ^{(Category: zlw-ocs:Times of day)}

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Czech: jitro

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)utro. First attested in 1282.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /jutrɔ/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /jutrɔ/

Noun[edit]

jutro n

morning
Synonym: rano
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[4], 16, 19:
  Nyszadny gego nye ostawyay do yvtra (in mane)
  [Niżadny jego nie ostawiaj do jutra (in mane)]
tomorrow (day after today)
- 1895 [1448–1450], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, page 9:
  Paknyąly ho mnyeyszi dlug... pozew bil, do yvtra rok odlozoon bąncz (in crastinum terminus prorogetur)
  [Paknięli ho mniejszy dług... pozew był, do jutra rok odłożon bądź (in crastinum terminus prorogetur)]
morgen (measure of area of a field)
- 1877-1999 [1282], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume I, page 475:
  Quilibet colonus debet habere triplicem agriculturam, mensurando eam in latitudine decem virgas et in longitudine quindecim, iutra vlg. dicendo, et super quamlibet agriculturam debet habere vlg. dicendo po piethnasczie iutras, ter numerando
  [Quilibet colonus debet habere triplicem agriculturam, mensurando eam in latitudine decem virgas et in longitudine quindecim, jutra vlg. dicendo, et super quamlibet agriculturam debet habere vlg. dicendo po piętnaście iutras, ter numerando]
staje (historic unit of length)
- 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎^[5], page 26v:
  In illo tempore duo ex discipulis... ibant... in castellum, quod erat in spacio stadiorum, iutra, gony, sexaginta ab Ierusalem (Luc 24, 13)
  [In illo tempore duo ex discipulis... ibant... in castellum, quod erat in spacio stadiorum, jutra, gony, sexaginta ab Ierusalem (Luc 24, 13)]

Adverb[edit]

jutro (not comparable)

tomorrow (on the day after today)
- 1454, Legenda o św. Aleksym‎^[6], line 66:
  Jvthrocz sza byerzą od czebye szluzy[ć] themv, czoszczy gyest w nyebye
  [Jutroć się bierzę od ciebie służy[ć] temu, cożci jest w niebie]

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives

adverbs

nouns

Related terms[edit]

adjectives

jutrzenny

adverbs

nouns

jutrzenka

Descendants[edit]

Masurian: jutro
Polish: jutro
Silesian: jutro

References[edit]

Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “jutro”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
Mańczak, Witold (2017) “jutro”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “jutro”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “jutro”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “jutro”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jutro.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈjut.rɔ/
(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈju.trɔ/
Audio 1 (file)
Audio 2 (file)
Rhymes: -utrɔ
Syllabification: jut‧ro

Noun[edit]

jutro n

tomorrow (day after today)
(literary) tomorrow (future)
Synonym: przyszłość
(Middle Polish) morning (future)
Synonym: rano

Declension[edit]

Declension of jutro

	singular	plural
nominative	jutro	jutra
genitive	jutra	jutr
dative	jutru	jutrom
accusative	jutro	jutra
instrumental	jutrem	jutrami
locative	jutrze	jutrach
vocative	jutro	jutra

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives

jutrzejszy

adverbs

nie dziś, to jutro

interjections

jutro będzie futro

phrases

dziś tu, jutro tam

proverbs

zrób dziś, co masz zrobić jutro

Adverb[edit]

jutro (not comparable)

tomorrow (on the day after today)
(literary) tomorrow (in the future)

Trivia[edit]

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jutro is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 0 times in scientific texts, 9 times in news, 3 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 33 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 59 times, making it the 1088th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References[edit]

^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jutro”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎^[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 167

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:

jutro

Wikipedia ^sh

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)utro (“morning, dawn”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jûtro/
Hyphenation: jut‧ro

Noun[edit]

jȕtro n (Cyrillic spelling ју̏тро)

morning
Old unit for measurement of area, similar to acre.
Njegovo se imanje prostiralo na trideset jutara. ― His estate spread over thirty acres

Declension[edit]

Declension of jutro

	singular	plural
nominative	jȕtro	jȕtra
genitive	jȕtra	jȕtārā
dative	jȕtru	jȕtrima
accusative	jȕtro	jȕtra
vocative	jȕtro	jȕtra
locative	jȕtru	jȕtrima
instrumental	jȕtrom	jȕtrima

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Polish jutro.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈjutrɔ/
Rhymes: -utrɔ
Syllabification: ju‧tro

Noun[edit]

jutro n

tomorrow (day after today)

Declension[edit]

Declension of jutro

	singular
nominative	jutro
genitive	jutra
dative	jutru
accusative	jutro
instrumental	jutrym
locative	jutrze
vocative	jutro

Adverb[edit]

jutro (not comparable)

tomorrow (on the day after today)

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives

jutrzejszy

nouns

Related terms[edit]

nouns

jutrzinka

Slovak[edit]

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

jutro

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)utro (“morning, dawn”).

The second meaning (old unit of measurement) is also a calque of German Morgen (“morgen”), compare with the etymology of morgen.

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈjutrɔ]

Adverb[edit]

jutro

(archaic) tomorrow
Synonym: zajtra

Alternative forms[edit]

gutro (obsolete)

Noun[edit]

jutro n (genitive singular jutra, nominative plural jutrá, genitive plural jutár)

morgen (old unit for measurement of area, similar to acre)

Declension[edit]

Declension of jutro

	singular	plural
nominative	jutro	jutrá
genitive	jutra	jutár/jutier
dative	jutru	jutrám
accusative	jutro	jutrá
locative	jutre	jutrách
instrumental	jutrom	jutrami

Alternative forms[edit]

yutro, jítro, ítro (obsolete)

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *(j)utro (“morning, dawn”).

Pronunciation[edit]

IPA^(key): /jùːtrɔ/

Noun[edit]

jútro n

morning
Antonym: večer

Inflection[edit]

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Neuter, hard
nom. sing.	jútro
gen. sing.	jútra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	jútro	jútri	jútra
genitive (rodȋlnik)	jútra	júter	júter
dative (dajȃlnik)	jútru	jútroma	jútrom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	jútro	jútri	jútra
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	jútru	jútrih	jútrih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	jútrom	jútroma	jútri

jutro

Kashubian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Noun[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Masurian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Old Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Old Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Trivia[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Silesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Slovak[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

Declension[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Slovene[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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