maidid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *madyeti (“to break”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to drip, ooze; grease, fat”), though the semantic connection is difficult. The reduplicated preterite and future stems in meb- /mʲev-/ are dissimilated from mem- /mʲeṽ-/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmaðʲiðʲ]

Verb

maidid (conjunct ·maid, ·maith or ·moith, verbal noun maidm)

1. (intransitive) to break, to burst
   • c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 3617

     Do·lotar do fásguba[e] fairseom ó Medb co roimsitis a fuile fair […]

     [The handmaidens] came to [Cú Chulainn] from Medb to falsely lament over him so that his wounds would burst open [by enraging him]...

2. (impersonal, with ré + the person defeating and/or for + the person being defeated) to defeat, to rout
   • c. 750-800 Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 5

     Do·bert Cormac sluago forsna Déisse ⁊ ro·mebdatar secht catha for(th)u ria n-Óengus co maccaib a bráthar .i. Russ ⁊ Eogan.

     Cormac sent hosts against the Deisi, who were routed after seven battles by Óengus and the sons of his brother, to wit, Russ and Eogan.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 89^c11

     Mani ro{i}ma fora cenn, ní mema forsna bullu.

     If their head is not defeated, the members will not be defeated.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51^c9

     is in núall do·ngníat hó ru·maith for a náimtea remib

     it is the cry that they make when their enemies are defeated by them

Inflection

Simple, class B II present, reduplicated preterite, s future, s subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.						maidit
	Conj.			·maid, ·moith; ru·maith (ro-form)
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.						memdaitir
	Conj.			·memaid, ·mmemaid, ·mebaid, ·mmebaid			·mebdatar
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·mmemaid, co·mmebaid
	Prot.			·róemid, ·rróemid			·raimdetar
Future	Abs.			memais, mebais	mebusmet
	Conj.			·mema, ·mmema; ·roíma (ro-form)	·memsam		·memsat, ·mebsat
	Rel.						memsite
Conditional				·mebsad			·mebsaitis
Present subjunctive	Abs.			máis
	Conj.			·má, ·mǽ; ·roma (ro-form)
	Rel.
Past subjunctive				·maissed			·roimsitis (ro-form)
Imperative				maided
Verbal noun		maidm
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• do·maid

Related terms

• díumaidm

Descendants

• Irish: maígh, maidhm (denominal re-formation from the verbal noun)

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
maidid also mmaidid after a proclitic	maidid pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “maidid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 574
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 465