pirul
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From an onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root + -ul (reflexive suffix). First attested in 1470.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
pirul
- (intransitive) to blush (to become red in the face due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment)
- (intransitive, cooking) to brown, toast (to become brown during cooking or toasting)
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of pirul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | pirulok | pirulsz | pirul | pirulunk | pirultok | pirulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | pirultam | pirultál | pirult | pirultunk | pirultatok | pirultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pirulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | pirulék | pirulál | pirula | pirulánk | pirulátok | pirulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pirul vala, pirult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | pirulandok | pirulandasz | piruland | pirulandunk | pirulandotok | pirulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | pirulnék | pirulnál | pirulna | pirulnánk | pirulnátok | pirulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | piruljak | pirulj or piruljál |
piruljon | piruljunk | piruljatok | piruljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | pirulni | pirulnom | pirulnod | pirulnia | pirulnunk | pirulnotok | pirulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| pirulás | piruló | pirult | ― | pirulva (pirulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of pirul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | pirulhatok | pirulhatsz | pirulhat | pirulhatunk | pirulhattok | pirulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | pirulhattam | pirulhattál | pirulhatott | pirulhattunk | pirulhattatok | pirulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | pirulhaték | pirulhatál | pirulhata | pirulhatánk | pirulhatátok | pirulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. pirulhat vala, pirulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | pirulhatandok or pirulandhatok |
pirulhatandasz or pirulandhatsz |
pirulhatand or pirulandhat |
pirulhatandunk or pirulandhatunk |
pirulhatandotok or pirulandhattok |
pirulhatandanak or pirulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | pirulhatnék | pirulhatnál | pirulhatna | pirulhatnánk | pirulhatnátok | pirulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | pirulhassak | pirulhass or pirulhassál |
pirulhasson | pirulhassunk | pirulhassatok | pirulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (pirulhatni) | (pirulhatnom) | (pirulhatnod) | (pirulhatnia) | (pirulhatnunk) | (pirulhatnotok) | (pirulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (pirulhatva / pirulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
(With verbal prefixes):
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ pirul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- pirul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN